414 . AMERICAN GRAPE CULTURE. 



covered as to form a beautiful rustic arbor, 

 affording a grateful shade as well as fruit. The 

 student will find a good deal of pleasure in 

 working this "study" out. The trees should 

 be planted at the same time as the vines, and 

 should be open headed, or made so by pruning. 

 Trees already planted may be adopted, however, 

 if they are suitably located. The soil should 

 have a thorough preparation; the vines must 

 be planted some five or six feet from the trees, 

 and brought to them by bedding. There 

 should be three vines for each tree, except the 

 last, which should have only one. One of 

 these three should form an arm on the trellis 

 on the right of the tree, another an arm on the 

 trellis on the left, and the third trained over 

 the tree. The arms should be extended and 

 spurred in the usual manner. The beauty of 

 the arbor will be enhanced if a vine is planted 

 at each trellis post, and trained on a low stock 

 with one or two double spurs. With these 

 explanations, the student will, no doubt, be 

 able to work this " study" out, and apply it 

 wherever the conditions are found. 



Reversed Horizontal Arms. We present, in 

 Fig, 168, an example .of the reversed horizontal 

 arm, iu order to give the student a clearer idea 



