424 AMERICAN GRAPE CULTURE. 



foreign substances, or by suffering any thing 

 whatever but the juice of good ripe grapes to 

 enter the must. Wine making is a careful, 

 painstaking business, in which persistent and 

 conscientious well doing and right doing are 

 munificently rewarded. 



The Cellar. The cellar is of much impor- 

 tance where wine making is largely pursued. 

 It must necessarily be modified more or less 

 by the location in which it is built. There are 

 three leading objects to be attained, and these 

 are pretty nearly of equal importance : first, 

 a considerable degree of evenness of tempera- 

 ture, which is best secured by sinking the cel- 

 lar in the ground, and building the walls hol- 

 low. Second, freedom from wetness, which is 

 secured by selecting a dry spot for the cellar, 

 and, where this can not be fully secured in this 

 way, laying the walls in cement, and grouting 

 and cementing the bottom. Third, ventilation, 

 the means for which should be placed in the 

 upper part of the cellar, and so arranged that 

 the temperature can be altered gradually when 

 necessary, sudden changes being hurtful. The 

 cellar may be built over or not with rooms, 

 oifices, etc., to suit the convenience of the own- 

 er. The lower tier of casks should rest upon 



