WINE MAKING. 439 



with the Diana, and is highly advantageous 

 with the Ion a. The skins of the Delaware 

 have very little decided character. Those of 

 the Diana have considerable aromatic richness, 

 but are rarely without some degree of their 

 characteristic offensiveness. The skins of the 

 lona are pure, rich in aromatic properties and 

 tannic and tartaric acids, and give the wine a 

 peculiar but beautiful rose color. 



The need of expedition arises from the facil- 

 ity with which small masses of the marc that 

 are not immersed in the juice take on acetous 

 fermentation. When the marc is put into the 

 tubs, it should be kept a little below the sur- 

 face, of the free juice by a false cover kept at 

 the proper depth by weights, or, better, by fas- 

 tenings made for the purpose, as shown at d in 

 Fig. 174. A false bottom is also required, as 

 therein shown, and both this and the cover 

 should be made so open by perforations and 

 crevices as to permit the passage of the juice, 

 while the skins and the more solid parts are 

 retained. 



The Catawba is not fermented on the marc, 

 and can not be successfully managed in the 

 manner described. Its juice has very rarely 

 any margin of alcoholic richness above the 



