ROAD-MAKING ANIMALS 35 



a broad front across the prairie or tundra. The 

 examples of most moving multitudes suggest that this 

 was their formation when moving slowly forward, 

 feeding as they went, but their roads prove that at 

 other times they moved on a narrow front or in file, 

 just as domestic cattle do to-day. A herd of cows 

 going home to be milked naturally walks in a long, 

 straggling line, one behind the other, and when going 

 to drink at a pond they keep more or less to the same 

 formation. Where the Eamont River flows into the 

 Eden, the banks at the waters' meeting are flanked 

 on the Cumberland side by a very large, flat meadow, 

 hundreds of acres in extent. This is never mown, 

 but is grazed year after year by herds of young store 

 cattle. The bank is steep and overhanging for the 

 greater part, so that large animals can only go down 

 to drink at one or two spots, and narrow tracks, just 

 like big hare-paths, run from different parts of the 

 meadow and converge at these watering places. These 

 tracks are of exactly the same width throughout, 

 some eight or nine inches, which gives just room 

 for one hoof to pass the other, but is too narrow 

 for a man to use with comfort. They could not be 

 mistaken for human footpaths, as they are far more 

 sharply defined ; and there are no secondary side-paths, 

 as in tracks made by the white races of mankind, 

 which, unlike cattle, have a strong preference for 

 walking at least two abreast. On the North American 

 prairie, though the bison is extinct, the bison roads 

 still remain as evidence, after the destruction of a 

 species, of some part of its habits. These "trails" 



