RELATION OF STARCH TO BILE. 157 



57. The comparison of the amount of carbon in 

 the bile secreted by an herbivorous animal, with the 

 quantity of carbon of its tissues, or of the nitrogen- 

 ised constituents of its food, which in consequence 

 of the constant transformations may pass into bile, 

 indicates, as we have just seen, a great difference. 



The carbon of the bile secreted amounts, at least, 

 to more than five times the quantity of that which 

 could reach the liver in consequence of the change 

 of matter in the body, either from the metamor- 

 phosed tissues or from the nitrogenised constituents 

 of the food ; and we may regard as well founded the 

 supposition that the non-azotised constituents of 

 the food take a decided share in the production of 

 bile in the herbivora ; for neither experience nor 

 observation contradicts this opinion. 



58. We have given, in the foregoing paragraphs, 

 the analytical proof, that the nitrogenised products 

 of the transformation of bile, namely, taurine and 

 ammonia, may be formed from all the constituents 

 of the urine, with the exception of urea that is, 

 from hippuric acid, uric acid, and allantoine; and 

 when we bear in mind that, by the mere separation 

 of oxygen and the elements of water, choloidic acid 

 may be formed from starch ; 



From 6 at. starch = 6 (C 12 H 10 O 10 ) = C^M^Oso 

 Subtract 44 at. oxygen"] _ H Q 



4 at. water J = 



Remains choloidic acid = C^H 56 O 12 ; 



that, finally, choloidic acid, ammonia, and taurine, 



