INDEX. 327 



ACID. 



Sulphuric. Exists in the urine of the carnivora, 76, 155. Derived 



from the sulphur of the tissues, 76. 



Uric. Its composition, 308. Products of its oxidation, alloxan, 



oxalic acid, carbonic acid, urea, &c., 131, 133. Is probably de- 

 rived, along with choleic acid, by the action of oxygen and water 

 on blood or muscle, 130. Disappears almost entirely in the sys- 

 tem of men and of the higher animals, 54, 130. Appears as cal- 

 culus, when there is a deficiency of oxygen, 131. Never occurs 

 in pthisical cases, ib. Yields mulberry calculus when the quan- 

 tity of oxygen is somewhat increased, but only urea and carbonic 

 acid with a full supply of oxygen, ib. Uric acid calculus pro- 

 moted by the use of fat and of certain wines, 133 Unknown on 

 the Rhine, ib. Uric acid and urea, how related to allantoine, 

 134 ; to gelatine, 135. Forms the greater part of the urine of 

 serpents, 53. Yields, with the elements of proteine and oxygen, 

 hippuric acid and urea, 144. How related to taurine, 148, 149. 

 Calculi of it never occur in wild carnivora, but often in men who 

 use little animal food, 139. 

 ACTION. Of the heart, 120. 



AFFINITY, Chemical. Is the ultimate cause of the vital phenomena, 

 10. Is active only in the case of contact, and depends much on the 

 order in which the particles are arranged, 194. Its equilibrium 

 renders a compound liable to transformations, 196. In producing 

 the vital phenomena, it is modified by other forces, 198. It is not 

 alone the vital force or vitality, but is exerted in subordination to 

 that force, 221. 



Am. Introduced into the stomach during digestion with the saliva, 

 109. Effects of its temperature and density, dryness, &c., in respi- 

 ration, 15, 16. 



ALBUMEN. Animal and vegetable albumen identical, 47^48. Their 

 composition, 283, 284, 21)7, 298. Vegetable albumen, how obtained, 

 45. Is a compound of proteine, and in organic composition iden- 

 tical with fibrine and caseine, 47, 100, 102. Exists in the yolk as 

 well as the white of eggs, 103. Also in the serum of the blood, 39. 

 Is the true starting point of all the animal tissues, 102, 103. 

 ALCOHOL. Is hurtful to carnivorous savages, 170. Its mode of action ; 

 checks the change of matter, 228. In cold climates serves as an 

 element of respiration, 21. 

 ALDEHYDE. Its composition ; how related to that of acetic acid, 2(37, 



268. 



ALKALIES. Mineral alkalies essential both to vegetable and animal 

 life, 156. Vegetable alkalies all contain nitrogen, all act on the 



