XIV 



CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER XXI. 

 SEVENTH CLASS OF MOLLUSKS. 



ORDER CEPHALOPODA 221 



Their remarkable habits and appearance 222 



Their ink 222 



Mechanism of their Suckers 223 



Enormous size of some Cephalopods 224 



The common Poulpe, its terrible aspect.. 224 



Its powerful Arms 225 



Its Chameleon-like change of Colour ... 225 



Its amusing stratagems 226 



Calamaries, their additional Arms 226 



Their plate of Horn 226 



Squids used for bait 226 



Their Eyes 226 



Hooked Squids, the tenacity of their 



grasp 226 



Cuttle-Fishes 226 



Common Cuttles, their ink 226 



Cuttle-Fish Bone 227 



Eggs of the Sepia 227 



The Argonaut, fiction of the ancients 



respecting it 228 



Nautilus, its chambered Shell 229 



Characteristic structure of Nautilus 229 



Its food 229 



CHAPTER XXII. 



231 

 231 

 232 

 232 

 232 



VERTEBRATE ANIMALS ........................... 230 



Distinguishing characters of Vertebrate 



Classes 



Complete Skeleton, how composed 

 Nervous System of Vertebrates ............ 



Increased perfection of the Senses ......... 



Blood of Vertebrata ........................... 



Variations of its temperature the cause 



of important differences .................. 233 



Its effect upon the Instincts and Affec- 



tions of different races of Vertebrata. . . 233 



CHAPTER XXIII. 



FIRST CLASS OF VERTEBRATE ANIMALS. 



FISHES 234 



The. infinite variety in their forms and 



endowments 234 



Teeth of Fishes 235 



Fins of Fishes 235 



Food of Fishes 236 



Armour of Fishes 238 



Division of Osseous Fishes 



ORDER ACANTHOPTERYGII. SPINY-FINNED 



FISHES 238 



Perches 238 



Sea-Perch 239 



Basse 239 



Mullets 239 



Surmullet 239 



Mailed-cheeks 240 



Flying Gurnards 240 



Squamipennes, how recognized 240 



Archers 241 



Shooting Fishes 241 



Labyrinthiform Pharyngeals 241 



Climbing Perch 242 



Mackerels 242 



Fishes (continued). 



Common Mackerel .............................. 242 



Mackerel fishing ................................. 243 



Tunnies ............................................. 243 



Common Tunny ................................. 243 



Important fisheries .............................. 243 



The Madrague 



*""'"'""*" 



TheBonito ...... ..... 



Sword-Fishes 

 Centronotus 



244 



244 



244 



244 



Dolphin-Fish, its variety of'tints 245 



Riband-Fishes 245 



Mugiloids 246 



Grey Mullet 246 



ABDOMINAL SOFT-FINKED FISHES. ORDER 



MALACOPTERYGII ABDOMIXALES 246 



Carps 247 



Common Carp 248 



Golden Carp 248 



Barbels 248 



Gudgeons 248 



Tenches 248 



Breams 248 



Minnows 248 



Roaches 249 



Pikes 249 



Common Pike .... ... 249 



Sea-Pike 250 



Gar-Fish 250 



Flying Fishes 250 



Siluroids 250 



Sheat-Fish 251 



Electric Silurus 251 



Salmons 251 



Common Salmon 251 



Salmon fishery 251 



Herrings 252 



Common Herrings 252 



Their periodical migrations 252 



Herring-nets 252 



Sardine 252 



Sardine fisheries 252 



Pilchard 253 



Sprat 253 



"Whitebait 253 



Shad 253 



Anchovies 253 



Common Anchovy 253 



Anchovy fishery 253 



Anglers 254 



Lophius 254 



Common Angler, its curious baits 254 



SUB-BRACHIAL SoFT-FINNED FlSHES. ORDER 



OF MALACOPTERYGII SUB-BRACHIATI. 255 



Gadoids 255 



Cod fishery 255 



Cod 255 



Haddock 255 



Whiting 255 



Coal-Fish 255 



Flat Fishes 256 



Turbot ... 256 



Brill .. 256 



Sole i 256 



Holibut 256 



Plaice 256 



Flounders 256 



Dabs and Flukes 256 



Do not swim like other Fishes 257 



Means of concealment 257 



Position of their Eyes 257 



