Xll 



CONTENTS. 



Insects (continued). Page 

 Phenomena attending their Metamorpho- 

 sis 131 



Wasp-Flies 132 



Rat-tailed Larvae 133 



Gad-Flies 133 



Flesh-Flies 133 



Important agents in the police of Nature 134 



Domestic Fly 134 



Spider Flies 134 



Forest Fly 134 



TUFT-TAILED INSECTS. ORDER THYSA- 



NOURA 134 



Lepisma 135 



Spring-tails 135 



PARASITES. ORDER PARASITE 135 



Pediculus 135 



Ricinus 135 



INSECTS WITH IMPERCEPTIBLE WINGS. 



ORDER APHANIPTERA 136 



Fleas 136 



Chigoe 136 



Apterous Insects 137 



Winged Insects 137 



CHAPTER XII. 



FOURTH CLASS OF ARTICULATED ANIMALS. 



ARACHNIDANS long confounded with the 



Insects 137 



Distinguished by very conspicuous cha- 

 racters 137 



Three principal Divisions of Arachnidans 138 



Mites 139 



Scorpions recognizable by the peculiarity 



of their external configuration 139 



Spiders, how distinguished 140 



The implacable foes of Insects 140 



The effects of their poison instantaneous 140 

 Various purposes to which the threads of 



Spiders are converted 141 



Mouse Spiders 142 



Bird Spiders 142 



Mason Spiders 142 



Their subterranean Caverns 142 



Sedentary Arachnidans 144 



Lurk near their snares 144 



Rectigrades 144 



Tube-weavers 144 



Web of Garden Spider 144 



Spiders in Rio Janeiro 144 



Spiders with nets in community 145 



Tent-making Spider 145 



Spiders living in a Shell 145 



Spiders properly so called 145 



Water Spider, her Diving-bell 146 



Thread-spinners, care of their Eggs 146 



Net-spreading Arachnidans 147 



Saltigrades 148 



Vagabond Arachnidans 148 



Wolf Spiders 148 



The Tarantula 148 



Leaping Spiders 148 



Gossamer Spiders 149 



CHAPTER XIII. 

 FIFTH CLASS OF ARTICULATED ANIMALS. 



CRUSTACEANS 149 



Articulated Animals breathing Water ... 149 



Crustaceans (continued). Page 



Land Crustaceans, their wet Gills 151 



Wood-Lice fitted for a damp atmosphere 151 



Senses of Crustacea 151 



Their periodical moult 152 



Diversity of external forms of Crustacea 153 

 Lobster's Claws, one an anchor, the other 



a cutting instrument 154 



Crustaceans, Division of 155 



TEN-FOOTED CRUSTACEANS. ORDER DECA- 



PODA 155 



Divided into three groups 155 



MACROURA 155 



Sea Cray-Fishes 155 



Lobsters 156 



River Cray-Fish 156 



Prawns 156 



Their interesting history 156 



Shrimp 156 



BRACHYURA (or Crabs), their habits 157 



Spider Crabs 157 



Swimming Crabs 157 



Shore Crabs 158 



Edible Crabs, they plunder by night ... 158 

 Crabs, their remarkable Metamorphosis. 159 



Racer Crabs 159 



Beckoning Crabs 160 



Cocoa-nut Crab 160 



Land*Crabs cutting grass 160 



ANOMOURA 161 



Soldier Crab 161 



Wonderful adaptation of its Limbs 162 



FOOT-MOUTHED CRUSTACEANS. ORDER 



STOMAPODA 163 



Mantis Shrimp 163 



Opossum Shrimps 164 



AMPHIPOD CRUSTACEANS. ORDER AMPHI- 



PODA 164 



Their importance in Nature 165 



Examples of the abundant happiness of 



the lower Animals 165 



Sand-hoppers 165 



THROAT-FOOTED CRUSTACEANS. ORDER 



L^MODIPODA 166 



All marine 166 



EQUAL-FOOTED CRUSTACEANS. ORDER 



ISOPODA 1 166 



Boring Shrimp, pierces planks of Ships.. 166 



Fresh-water Shrimps 167 



Wood-Lice 167 



GILL-FOOTED CRUSTACEANS. ORDER 



BRANCHIOPODA 167 



Divided into two sections 168 



Tufted-feet Entomostracans 169 



Cyclops 169 



Common Cyclops 169 



Cythereas 169 



Cyprides 169 



Daphniae 170 



Phyllopeds 170 



Fairy Shrimps 170 



Salt-water Shrimps 170 



SWORD-TAILED CRUSTACEANS. ORDER 



XIPHOSURI 170 



King Crabs 170 



SUCTORIAL CRUSTACEANS. ORDER SIPHON- 



OSTOMATA 172 



Pycnogons 172 



Fish-Lice 172 



Lerneans 172 



WHEF.L-ANIMALCULES. ORDER ROTIFERA 173 

 Skeleton Wheel-bearer 174 



