CYCLOPS. ' 169 



The Branchiopod Entomostracans are divided into two sec- 

 tions, first, those with tufted feet (Lophyropes) ;* and secondly, 

 those with laminated feet (Phyllopes).t 



The Tufted-feet Entmostracans (Lophyropes) are distinguish- 

 able by the number of their feet, which never exceed ten ; their 

 legs, moreover, are cylindrical, and never flattened out into leaf- 

 like expansions. To this division belong 



The Cyclops (Cyclops], so called on account of their having 

 apparently but one eye. J 



The Common Cyctops (Cyclops vulgar is) (Fig. 170, i), remarkable for the me- 

 tamorphoses it undergoes, is common in fresh water. On each side of the tail of the 

 female is a pellucid oval sac, filled with eggs, with which it is replenished eight or ten 

 times in the course of three months ; and as the female begins to lay at an early age, 

 supposing the average number of eggs to be forty each time, the multitude of which a 

 .single individual may become the progenitor during six months is enormous. The young 

 at their birth have only four feet, and their body is rounded and tailless : in due time 

 other limbs appear, and after a few moults the tail is developed. These little creatures 

 are capable of resisting cold in a remarkable manner. They have been repeatedly seen 

 frozen up in ice, which on melting was full of them, as active as ever. They will also 

 endure being dried, but not for many minutes. Jurine found that out of twelve indi- 

 viduals dried for fifteen minutes, five only recovered on being restored to the water, and 

 that of twelve kept dry for twenty-five minutes all perished. Yet, as in seasons of drought 

 the ponds and ditches are dried, it is most probable that they retain life when buried in 

 the mud as long as any moisture remains. The eggs, moreover, according to Strauss, 

 do not perish, even should the parents, but become hatched in the course of four or five 

 days, when the ponds are replenished. As these little creatures grow, they change their 

 shells or transparent horny investment, like other Crustaceans. This change of shell is 

 very complete : not only the general investment of the body is thrown off, but also the 

 outer layer of the fine branchiae and the minutest hairs on the antennas. The size of 

 the adult Cyclops is about the one-sixteenth of an inch. 



The Cythereas (Cythere) (Fig. 171) are marine: they live among the fuci 

 and confervas found in little pools among the shingle on the sea-shore, and the 

 naturalist may specially find them in abundance in those beautiful clear little 

 round wells, hollowed out of the rocks, which are within reach of the renova- 

 ting influence of the tide. In such delightful pools, sheltered among the 

 "umbrageous multitudes" of stems and branches, and nestling in security, 

 weak and powerless as such pigmies seem to be, they are found as numerous 

 and active after the shores have been desolated by the power of a fierce tem- 

 pest as when the waves have rolled gently and calmly to the beach with their 

 sweetest murmurs. 



The Cyprides (Cypris) (Fig. 170,2) have only six legs, and their fcvo an- 

 tennae are furnished with a tuft of hair apiece ; their body is enclosed in an 

 oval shell, compressed at the sides. These little creatures swim with consider- 

 able rapidity, apparently by means of their antennas ; they are likewise able 

 to crawl with their little hooked feet upon the surface of submerged plants. 



*X60ot'pos, lophouros, tail furnished until long hairs ; TTOVS, pous, afoot. 

 f (f>u\\ov, phyllon, a leaf ; TTOI'S, pous, a foot. 



j KVK\w\f/, cyclops, literally " rounJ-,ye<J ;" so called after the fabled giants said to 

 have had but one eye in the middle of their forehead. 



