16 NEW HAMPSHIRE EXPERIMENT STATION [Bull. 242 



of determining how many calories are furnished per portion as 

 ordinarily served. The data are given in Table 1. The butter served 

 with the bread was not included in the sample analyzed, except in 

 the case of the buttered toast. With this exception, therefore, the 

 values given in the table for the total energy and the total protein 

 content represent the bread or muffins alone, without the butter. In 

 calculating the calories and the protein for ten cents, however, as- 

 sumptions have been made for the food value of the butter, based 

 upon the average servings of butter given at the various places where 

 food samples were purchased. (See Table 16, page 38.) Because of 

 the assumptions made for the butter, the calories for ten cents are 

 recorded only to the nearest 5 calories. 



The energy content per gram of air-dry matter averages 4.1 

 calories with the sliced bread, the rolls, and the unbuttered toast, 

 a value identical with the average caloric value of pure carbohydrates. 

 The average factors for the muffins and the buttered toast are some- 

 what greater, 4.7 and 4.9 calories, respectively, indicating the pres- 

 ence of more fat. 



Since some of the restaurants charged five and some ten cents for 

 an order of bread (or muffins) and butter, the calories for ten cents 

 vary from 140 (sample 84, sliced bread) to 1070 (sample 34, corn- 

 meal muffin). In most instances, however, at least 400 or 500 calories 

 may be secured in this form for ten cents. The protein for ten cents 

 likewise has a wide range, from 2.9 to 30.6 gm., amounting in general 

 to at least 7 or 8 gm. 



DOUGHNUTS, COOKIES AND CAKES 



The data for doughnuts, cookies, and cakes are given in Table 2. 

 The plain doughnuts average 38 grams (fresh weight) and have an 

 average total energy value of 172 calories each. The calories per 

 gram of air-dry matter are notably high, 5.6 on the average, owing 

 to the fat in the doughnut. The results for the chocolate doughnut 

 are much the same. More variation is shown with the fried cakes. 

 In general, doughnuts and fried cakes contain about 180 or 200 cal- 

 ories per piece and approximately 2 grams of protein. The caloric value 

 per gram of air-dry matter with the cookies and the cup cakes indi- 

 dicate that they contain a minimum amount of fat. The energy 

 value for 10 cents of these sweetened breads averages nearly 700 

 calories, or more than twice as much as that of buttered toast and 

 more than that of most of the orders of muffins. The protein for 

 ten cents ranges from 4.2 to 11.5 gm., a smaller range than noted with 

 the bread and muffins. 



