xviii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



FIG. PAGE 



113. The human ovum after issuing from the Graafian follicle, surrounded 



by the cells of the discus proligerns (in two radiating crowns). 



(Nagel) 224 



114. Spermatozoa or spermia of various mammals 225 



115. Fertilisation of a mammalian ovum by the spermatozoa. (Haeckel) . 226 



116. Gastrula of primitive-gut animal or gastrasad ..... 227 



117. Gastrula of amphioxus. (Haeckel, Anthropogenic) .... 227 



118. Central nervous system of the human embryo at the beginning of the 



seventh week 229 



119. Diagram of the complete olfactory tract. (Munk-Schultz) . . . 239 



120. Diagram of the anterior portion of the eye. (Thome") . . . 242 



121. Eye resting and accommodating (magnified five times), after 



Helmholtz. (Munk-Schultz, Physiologic) 243 



122. Ophthalmoscopic appearance of human fundus 244 



123. Ophthalmoscopic appearance of fundus of horse 245 



124. Scheme of layers of the retina. (Ranke) 246 



125. Portion of Corti's organ 250 



126. Right reindeer's horn with notches 274 



127. Girl laughing 283 



128. Black baboon grinning ......... 283 



129. Chimpanzee undeceived and annoyed. (Darwin, Expression of the 



Emotions) ........... 284 



130. Expression of grief. (Darwin, Expression of the Emotions) . . 284 



131. Boy crying. (Darwin, Expression of the Emotions) .... 285 



132. Angry dog. (Darwin) , 288 



133. Angry man. (Darwin) 288 



134. Trepanned neolithic skull. (Homes, Urgeschichtc des Menschen) . 310 



135. Grave in South Bulgaria . . . . . . . . .311 



136. Ivory figure from the side. (Homes, Urgeschichte der Kunst) . . 312 



137. Ivory figure, excavated at Briinn, natural size. (Homes, Urges- 



chichte der Kunst) . . . . . . . . . .312 



138. Neolithic hollow clay figure, from Laibach Moor, natural size. 



(Homes, Urgeschichte der Kunst) ....... 313 



139. Crescentic clay structure from a barrow near Oldenburg, natural size. 



(Homes) 314 



140-42. Stone plaques from the civic monument in Skane. (Homes, Urges- 

 chichte der Kunst) . . . . . . . . . -315 



143. Carved flints, J natural size. (Homes) ...... 319 



144. Flint knife of the La Madeleine type. (Homes) 320 



145. Shoulder blade of reindeer with the needles which had been carved out 



of it. (Homes) 321 



146. Lance-head from reindeer horn. (Homes} 321 



147. Neolithic reniform axe-head made of stag's antlers. (Homes) . . 322 



148. Neolithic polished stone axe-heads with holes for handles. (Homes) . 322 



149. Stag's horn arrow-head, harpoon and hook from the pile-dwellings at 



Font (reduced). (Homes) 323 



150-54. Weapons and implements of the Bronze Age (Hungary and 



Bohemia). (Homes) 324 



155. Copper battle-axe from Servia. (Homes) 325 



156. Objects found in the Swiss pile-dwellings of the Bronze Age. (H6rnes) 325 



157. La Tene sword from Hallstatt. (Homes) 326 



