DISTRIBUTION OF MANKIND 23 



probably a mixture of Malay with Negrito, and, thirdly, the 

 Eskimos, Greenlanders, and all aborigines of North and South 

 America with their pronounced dolichocephalous skulls. 



3. The Negroid Type. In all individuals of this type the 

 skin and eyes are brown or black, hair of the same colour, 

 short, woolly and not abundant. The skull is dolichocephalous, 

 the forehead rounded and childish, the nasal bone flattened, 

 and the teeth sloping. This type inhabits Madagascar and 

 the region between the Sahara and the Cape of Good Hope. 

 Modifications of the type are the Bushmen and Hottentots, the 

 latter having perhaps originated in an intercrossing of Bushmen 

 and Negro. The Negritos, representing a further modification, 

 resemble the Australian type. 



4. The Australian Type. The representatives of this 

 type are characterised by a dolichocephalous skull, extremely 

 prominent eyebrows, unusually large teeth (especially the 

 canines), and the sloping position of the upper front ones. 

 In stature they are tall and long-limbed, with skin of a choco- 

 late brown and black hair, long and woolly. This type is 

 found on the mainland of Australia and in the heart of the 

 Deccan and Hindustan. According to Huxley, representatives 

 are also to be found in Egypt, but it is not clear to what tribe 

 he refers. 



Amongst the systematists the philologist Friedrich Miiller 

 occupies a special position. Had he attempted to base his 

 distribution of mankind solely on linguistic differences he would 

 necessarily have failed, since it is well known that the most 

 diverse peoples speak the same language. This it was which 

 led him to adopt, in addition to language, the hair as dis- 

 tinguishing character. Hence he gives two principal types: 



1. The Woolly-haired Type, namely, the bushy-haired 

 Hottentots and Papuans and the fleecy-haired African Negroes 

 and Kaffirs. 



2. The Sleek-haired Type, namely, the straight-haired Aus- 

 tralians, Eskimos, American Indians, Malays and Mongols, 

 and the curly-haired Dravidians, Nubians and inhabitants 

 of the Mediterranean coasts. Miiller's classification gives us 

 twelve races subdivided into tribes according to language and 

 race, but race and language seldom coincide. In spite of the 



