TERTIARY MAN (PLIOCENE AND PLEISTOCENE) 33 



The line of the profile resembles that of the most pithecoid 

 races of man : the Veddahs of Ceylon and the Akkas of Cen- 

 tral Africa. The femur, with a slight forward curve, is of a 

 length and thickness proportionate to the frame of a man of 

 medium height and of normal weight. Dubois is of the opinion 

 that these remains belonged to a creature representing the 

 intermediate stage between anthropoids and man, so long the 

 object of Haeckel's search, a descendant of the anthropoid 

 species Anthropopithecus sivalensis. Remains of Anthropo- 

 pithecus sivalensis have been found in the Upper Tertiary 

 stratum of India, namely, an upper jaw with the teeth ; it is of 

 a short, broad, horse-shoe shape, like the human jaw, so that 

 the beginning of the possibility of speech already existed. 

 Besides Dubois and Haeckel, the naturalists Dames, Manou- 

 vrier, Marsh, Nehring, Petit and Vernau believe the Pithecan- 

 thropus to be neither man nor ape, but an intermediate form 

 between the two. The skull has been almost as often declared 

 by naturalists to be that of an ape as that of a man, and most 

 authorities are agreed that the femur closely resembles the 

 human bone or even actually belonged to a man. According 

 to Branco, the Pithecanthropus was undoubtedly an ape, but 

 an ape well able to stand erect owing to the occipital cavity 

 being situated nearer to the middle of the base of the skull and 

 the occipital bone being sharply curved forward. Finally, when 

 we take into consideration the large, well-arched skull with its 

 spacious brain-cavity, we may infer that the Pithecanthropus 

 erectus was distinguished from all other anthropoids by special 

 powers of intelligence. 



Tertiary Man (Pliocene and Pleistocene), 



The discovery of the Pithecanthropus erectus has made 

 the question of Tertiary man's existence one of burning inter- 

 est, though it had long played an important part in all anthro- 

 pological journals and at anthropological congresses, and was 

 well worthy of the attention bestowed upon it. Since the 

 remains of Quaternary man have been found in Europe, 

 Asia, North and South America, we necessarily infer a 

 Tertiary man as ancestor of the Quaternary man, as the 



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