34 THE HUMAN SPECIES 



latter could not have arisen suddenly, through a trap-door, as 

 it were. 



Schlosser has expressed his opinion on this subject with 

 unmistakable clearness in the " Literaturbericht fiir Zoologie," 

 1883 (Archiv fiir Anthropologie, pp. 160, 289). Since not only 

 most of the mammals, but also most of the anthropoids, ex- 

 isted in the Pliocene Period, it would be remarkable, says 

 Schlosser, if man had not also existed at that time, but he 

 considers it probable that Tertiary man differed widely, both 

 physically and mentally, from the species Homo of the present 

 day. It must be admitted that clear proof of the existence of 

 Tertiary man is as yet very scanty, being limited to discoveries 

 in two different places. In a hard conglomerate, undoubtedly 

 Tertiary, in Burma, remains of hewn flint stones were found, 

 one in the form of a stone knife, together with the tooth of a 

 hipparion. Still more interesting are the discoveries in the 

 loess of the Pampas of South America. Here in the lowest 

 stratum, unquestionably belonging to the Tertiary Period, 

 numerous traces of man's existence were brought to light, such 

 as weapons, carved bones, marks of former fireplaces, and 

 human skeletons (small and dolichocephalous). It is character- 

 istic of these places of discovery that the glyptodon is gener- 

 ally found together with the traces of man's existence. In 

 one cavity a skeleton was found under the carapace of a 

 glyptodon, no other remains of the glyptodon being present. 

 Other glyptodon carapace having been found in a perpendi- 

 cular position -serving perhaps as screens -we can but ton- 

 elude that Tertiary man slew the giant armadillo in the chase 

 and robbed it of its carapace for his own purposes. 



It is no matter for astonishment that so few fossil remains 

 of Pliocene man have been found when we compare the scanty 

 discoveries of Pliocene anthropoids and bear in mind that, in 

 all probability, the entire number of human beings in the 

 Pliocene Period did not exceed a few thousands. 



Certain French and German naturalists believe that they 

 have discovered traces of the presence and activity of Tertiary 

 man, though not in the form of skeletons or bones. Mortillet 

 attributes the fragments of flints found near Thenay, in France, 

 to a hypothetical anthropomorphous being, and the palaeon- 



