38 THE HUMAN SPECIES 



be described as the remnant of a very ancient race both in 

 physical and cultural respects. At the time of their discovery 

 they were ignorant of the art of pottery and of the use of bow 

 and arrow ; their only instruments were the boomerang and the 

 throw-stick, both of which have been found amongst palaeolithic 

 remains in other parts of the world (also in Europe). Schoten- 

 sack further assumes that when early man migrated from 

 Australia back to Asia over the isthmus he took these weapons 

 with him and thus spread their use. The arts of pottery and 

 stone-grinding, and the use of bow and arrow, he learned later 

 on in other lands. Those who had remained in Australia could 

 have no share in these inventions, for the Pliocene isthmus became 

 later submerged. Schotensack also points out that the Aus- 

 tralian, in order to obtain the wild honey that was to be had in 

 abundance, must have climbed high trees, whereby the great 

 toe developed gradually its present position and significance as a 

 distinctive character of man. 



The Australian had discovered the art of making fire, and 

 subsequently that of cooking, the frequent thunderbolts and 

 prairie-fires having taught him the meaning of fire and its effect 

 on the flesh of animals. In conclusion we must make mention 

 of the dingo (the wild dog of Australia), an animal introduced 

 into Australia by man and representing in that land the only 

 non-marsupial mammal. The dingo was domesticated by man, 

 and this probably led to the domestication of the wild dog by 

 those who had migrated from Australia to other parts of the 

 world. Schotensack's view is shared almost entirely by Klaatsch, 

 the latter merely suggesting that man migrated to Australia 

 before the Pliocene Period, even returning to Asia over the 

 Pliocene isthmus, since it has been all but proved by the dis- 

 covery of eoliths that Tertiary man existed also in Europe. We 

 have seen above how far this statement may be regarded as 

 conclusive, but on other grounds the Schotensack theory has no 

 lack of antagonists. Rhumbler J does not deny that the Australian 

 corresponds in many ways to Palaeolithic man, but he considers 

 it far more probable that the great continent of Europe-Asia, 

 connected with America by the Behring Straits, was the first to 

 be inhabited by man, and that at an extremely remote period a 

 1 Corr.-Blatt f. Anthropologie, etc.. 1904, p. 64. 



