QUATERNARY MAN 39 



part of the human race migrated to Australia and were eventu- 

 ally cut off from their fellow-beings. In support of this theory 

 there is the fact that all the more highly developed forms of 

 the mammalia have occurred without exception on the great 

 continent. The greater the continent the more numerous will 

 be the individuals inhabiting it, hence the greater probability of 

 some among those individuals surpassing the rest by reason of 

 their superior organisation. This proposition may equally well 

 be applied to man. Klaatsch, for instance, has pointed out that 

 both the skull and the extremities of primitive, diluvial man bear 

 a greater resemblance to those of the Mongolian race than to 

 those of the Australian. In any case he attributes, as does also 

 Const. Konen, the Neanderthal man (see below) to an extremely 

 remote geological age, at the latest the Upper Pliocene Period. 



Quaternary Man. 



While the evidences of Tertiary man are somewhat limited, 

 diluvial (Quaternary) man has bequeathed us not only his 

 bones and teeth, but human portraits the work of his hands- 

 giving the rough outlines of his stature. Even when both 

 skeleton remains and portraits are absent from his former 

 dwelling-places, there exist the traces of his activity in the form 

 of weapons and tools of stone, bone and horn, besides the 

 tubular bones of the animals he slew in hunting, and hearths 

 where he cooked their flesh. 



From the differences existing between the various stone 

 implements and animal bones examined by him, Mortillet 

 concluded that Diluvial man passed through four stages of 

 culture. It should be borne in mind that although this may be 

 applied to France it does not hold good for the rest of Europe 

 (and at present we are considering Europe alone) ; for the 

 climate of France, especially in the south, admitted of uninter- 

 rupted habitation and the unbroken development of its human 

 inhabitants, whereas in all other parts of Middle Europe habita- 

 tion was interrupted by the intervening Glacial Period. 



Morlillet's four periods are as follows: 



(i) The Chelles period (from Chelles in the Seine et Oise 

 Departement) with a warm, damp climate and a warmth-loving 



