44 THE HUMAN SPECIES 



also intellectually, since the skulls found are of large capacity 

 (e.g., skulls from Cro-Magnon have a capacity of from 1,590 to 

 1,640 ccm.;. 



The men of this period usually dwelt in caves, but some- 

 times made their homes under projecting rocks or in other 

 protected places. In France we have the Madeleine Stations, 

 Laugerie basse, Les Eyzies, Bruniquet, Mas d'Azil, etc. ; in 

 Switzerland, Kesslerloch ; in Belgium, the Trou de Chateaux ; 

 in Germany, Schussenried, Andernach, and various caves in 

 the Jura Alps, Svvabia (see Fig. 3) ; in Austria, the Gudenus 

 cave and Kulna near Sloup; in Russian Poland, the Maszyck 

 caves. Human remains have been found in Cro-Magnon, 



FIG. 3. Transverse section of the Hohlefels in Aachtal (Swabia). (Homes.) 



Laugerie basse, La Chancelade, in the Duruthy cave near 

 Sorde, in the seventh igneous stratum in the Kieder grotto at 

 Mentone, and in the Fiirst-Johanns cave at Cautsch in Moravia. 

 It is probable that the various human remains discovered belong 

 to several different races rather than to any single one ; the 

 French naturalists, Hamy, Dupont, Herve and P. Girod, who 

 agree in regarding the Hyperboreans of the present day, the 

 Tschaktschens, and the Eskimos, as the nearest relatives of the 

 Madeleine cave-dwellers of Western Europe, must be referring 

 solely to those below medium height, to which race the tall, 

 well-grown people of Cro-Magnon surely did not belong. To 

 the pigmy race of the Madeleine period are to be attributed 



