QUATERNARY MAN 45 



most probably the small tools of flint, bone and horn, clearly 

 intended for small hands. It was they too who produced the 

 surprisingly faithful drawings of animals on horn and bone so 

 that we involuntarily compare these reindeer hunters with the 

 equally gifted, artistically endowed Eskimos of the present day. 



In caves of Bohemia (e.g., the Zuzlawitz caves) small, 

 dolichocephalous skulls have been found with very slightly 

 arched parietal bone, and powerful teeth. 



Now it would be of incalculable value to anthropology if 

 the problem of the physical structure and general appearance of 

 Palaeolithic man could be solved by the portraits of him which he 

 has bequeathed us. But the hope of solution from this quarter 

 cannot be other than illusory. As trustworthy evidence we 

 might perhaps take the circular, ivory female figures of Bras- 

 sempouy, 1 for they represent with unmistakable realism steato- 

 pygous females of an inferior African race. On the other 

 hand, the ivory human figure found in the loess-deposit at 

 Briinn would lead us to hazardous conclusions, were we to re- 

 gard it, with its low forehead, projecting brows, broad nose and 

 long chin, as the deliberately designed representative of the race 

 to which the skull belongs found in the same place. The same 

 may be said of the steatopygous figure and the head from the 

 crystalline limestone of Mentone. Moreover, as is seen from 

 Piette's recent investigations in this direction, the possibility of 

 false imitations must be taken into account. One fact, however,, 

 is clearly established by the palaeolithic sketches of the human 

 body, namely, that at that time man went unclothed. (La 

 femme au renne, hunter with bison.) 



To draw conclusions from the details of the sketches would 

 be as much out of place as to regard our children's attempts at 

 drawing as faithful portraits. How far a naturalist may be led 

 astray by his imagination is shown in the interpretation Piette 

 gives to his latest discoveries in the Mas d'Azil cave. Scratched 

 on the shoulder-blade of an animal is an indistinct drawing, en 

 face, on one side, and on the other a clear sketch, en profit, of 

 a man with strongly marked phallic characters; breast, back, 

 abdomen and nape of the neck are covered with hair, both 



1 M. Homes, Urgesch. d. bild. Kunsl in Europa. Wien, 1898 p. 47 and 

 plate ii. 



