NEOLITHIC MAN 



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In France a human skeleton was discovered in a refuse heap, 

 and numerous skeletons, male and female, differing in age, were 

 brought to light in the mesolithic formation in Portugal (see 

 Fig- 5)- Quatrefages, who examined them, is of the opinion 

 that they represent two races, a dolichocephalous, and a 

 brachycephalous, and assumes that the Atlantic coast was first 

 inhabited by the barbarous, dolichocephalous race, and that the 

 brachycephalous tribes who arrived at a later date were more 

 highly cultivated, possessed stone knives, and gradually mingled 

 with the native race. 



FIG. 5. Shell-heap at Magern (Portugal) showing the exhumed skeletons. 

 (Homes.) 



Neolithic Man. 



Neolithic man, as compared with palaeolithic, had made 

 enormous progress in civilisation. He was no longer dependent 

 on rough-hewn flint tools, though they were still in use. He 

 had acquired the art of grinding and polishing many other 

 kinds of stones which he found in the river-beds ; he fitted them 

 into handles of wood or horn, and could even drill holes in 

 them for the purpose. 



His well-ground stone axe served him not only as a weapon 

 in hunting, and in war, but was also used for felling trees from 

 which he fashioned his log-canoe, and obtained the beams for 



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