THE BONES 63 



fied all skulls according to this line, attaching special importance 

 to the direction of the cheek-bone. He then described at right 

 angles with the horizontal a perpendicular passing down the 

 profile from the highest central point of the brow ; he thus 

 obtained a clear impression of the proboscidate character of the 

 animal skull in comparison with that of man. He arrived at 

 the following results : 



In a Macaeus cynomolgus a facial angle of 42 

 ,, young orang-utan 58 

 ,, an adult European ,, 80 

 But there are human beings possessing a much smaller 

 facial angle ; for instance, the negroes and Kalmucks have a 

 facial angle of 70 owing to the prognathous character of their 

 skulls. Isolated cases of true prognathism in a lesser degree 

 are found in all races, caused by the prominence of the whole 

 upper jaw and the corresponding projection of the lower jaw, 

 but these cases should be care- 

 fully distinguished from the very 

 prevalent alveolar prognathism 

 where only the aveolar process 

 projects. E. Fischer (Freiburg) 

 at a meeting of Anthropologists 

 at Dortmund (1902) l showed 

 conclusively that in spite of the 

 many differences between the 

 human facial angle and that of 

 the apes, they have still much 

 in common in the early phases of 

 embryonic development. Fischer 

 compared the human embryo 

 with the embryo of Macaeus 

 cynomolgus and of Semno- 

 pithecus maurus. That there is 

 a close resemblance between the 



FIG. 19. Gorilla fetus of the size of 

 human skull and that of the apes a human fetus of one to one and 



in the early embryonic stages ^ onths< Nat size ' (Duck 



has been long admitted, and this 



refers not only to the anthropoids but also to the lower apes 



1 Corr.-Blattfilr Anthrop., etc., 1902, p. 153. 



