MUSCULAR SYSTEM 83 



anthropoid longer, than the leg. The forearm in man is 

 shorter, in the anthropoid longer, than the tibia. Again taking 

 the stature at 100, the length of the foot is : 



In man . . . . . 14-5 



,, the gorilla .... 20^4 



chimpanzee . . . 2O'5 



orang 25-5 



Hence man relatively to his stature has not only a smaller hand 

 but also a smaller foot than the anthropoids. 



II. Muscular System. 



Before proceeding to the comparison of the muscles of man 

 with those of animals we cannot do better than again quote 

 Gegenbauer's l words : " In the physical structure of man there 

 is no justification for assuming a fundamental difference. In 

 the construction of the human body we meet with far more 

 than mere resemblances to the organisation of animals ; we 

 find indeed a great and manifold correspondence in all those 

 organs which perform the same functions. This correspond- 

 ence extends to the most minute structural details. Absolute 

 uniformity of all parts is not to be expected, since it is not found 

 even among closely related animals." Gegenbauer goes on to 

 treat of various characters of the human organism which are 

 either present in a rudimentary state or are entirely absent, and 

 points out that this is not necessarily a loss, since the rudiment- 

 ary structures are not only made good by compensation but even 

 open the way for new forms possibly of greater value to the 

 organism, thus helping towards its ultimate perfection. Of 

 special interest, viewed from this standpoint, are the conclusions 

 given by Wiedersheim (see below) in his frequently mentioned 

 book on the regressive and progressive muscles of man. The 

 number of muscles proper to man (including those whose 

 several origins bear special names) is : 



In man 316 paired and 7 single 

 woman 315 8 



As was to be expected, the human muscles, both the striate 



1 Gegenbauer, Lehrbuch d. Anat. d. Menscfi., vol. i., p. 33. 



6* 



