86 



THE HUMAN SPECIES 



axillaris to this anomalous muscle which is but loosely connected 

 with the fascia proper. Hyrtl and others held it to be an 

 aberration of the m. lat. dorsi. Comparative anatomy, however, 

 supplies the explanation. As early as 1867, Turner declared 

 the fascia axillaris to be a rudiment of the panniculus carnosus 

 of the mammals. 



M. pect. maj. M. pect. min. 



Fascia axillaris 

 Inscript. tend. 



M. latiss. dorsi 



FIG. 39. Muscles of the human axilla (thorax from the side). 

 The Fascia Axillaris of Man.) 



I 

 natural size 



(Ludwig Tobler, 



The higher we proceed in the scale of the mammals the 

 more rudimentary do we find the cutaneous muscles. They are 

 highly developed in the monotremata and marsupials, but 

 show signs of retrogression in the lower Primates. Speaking 

 generally, the whole group of the anthropoids has lost the fascia 

 axillaris and indeed every vestige of a cutaneous muscular 

 system. The gorilla, on the other hand, possesses certain points 



