INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM 95 



regards all parts of his organisation, but what he has lost on 

 one side he has gained on the other, through the improved state 

 of those organs which determine his place in nature as homo 

 sapiens erectus. 



On the whole, as R. Hartmann (Menschenahnliche Afferi) 

 has shown, the muscular system of the anthropoids, in spite of 

 many apparently constant peculiarities, in spite of great mani- 

 fold variation, does exhibit close resemblances to that of man, 

 even in the face of the conflicting statements of different writers. 

 Notwithstanding their incapacity for an erect gait and their 



M. glutaeus med. 

 M. glutaeus maximus 



Tractus iliotibialis fasc. 

 latae 



M. tensor fasciae latae 



FIG. 47. Posterior muscles of the thigh. (Heitzmann-Zuckerkandl.) 



many animal characteristics, the chief feature of these muscles 

 is still their great resemblance to human muscles, although, it 

 need hardly be said, the experienced anatomist immediately 

 distinguishes any anthropoid muscle from its corresponding 

 human muscle. 1 



III. Integumentary System. 



The comparison of the skin of man with that of animals 

 forms one of the most interesting chapters in comparative 

 anatomy. A skin composed of three distinct layers (epidermis, 



1 Ranke, loc. cit., i., 450. 



