ioo THE HUMAN SPECIES 



ment of the hair on the head. In man the hair is arranged 

 circularly, radiating generally from one crown but sometimes 

 from two, corresponding to the two parietal eminences. The 

 hair on the scalp grows only as far as the beginning of the 

 forehead which itself remains smooth and naked, whereas in 

 the anthropoids the hair grows down to the superciliary ridges. 

 A correspondence with human conditions is shown by the 

 anthropoids in the fact that on reaching maturity a beard and 

 whiskers are developed (see Fig. 53) ; the anthropoids, how- 

 ever, rarely possess a moustache, only the Cercopithecus cephus 

 having a moustache as well as whiskers. In most of the apes, 



FIG. 53. Pithecia satanas. (Brehm, Tierleben.) 



the distribution of hair in and about the face is the same in both 

 sexes ; in some, as for instance, in the black howler monkey 

 and certain species of macacus, the male has a somewhat better 

 developed beard than the female. 



In no animal is the sexual difference in the hairiness of the 

 body so marked as in man. Man's beard generally ranks as a 

 secondary sexual character. From the fact that certain tribes 

 (Hottentots, Nigritos, aborigines of America, Malays, Mongo- 

 lians) are beardless, or at least have not yet attained to the 

 possession of a beard, Alexander Brandt infers that the beard 

 is to be considered as a progressive sexual character, but it is 

 open to doubt whether perhaps exactly the opposite is not the 



