132 THE HUMAN SPECIES 



portion of the intestinal tube, invested in epithelium of a 

 greenish colour. In the embryo of other vertebrates (reptiles, 

 birds, mammals and man) it consists of a double expansion of 

 the intestinal tube where the latter forms the stomach ; two 

 hepatic lobes gradually develop and later combine into one 

 organ. Although, on the whole, the human liver closely corre- 

 sponds to that of the anthropoids, there still exist certain fine 

 distinctions, to which Ranke J has drawn attention in his 

 frequently quoted work. For instance, he regards it as worthy 

 of mention that the H -shaped arrangement of the sulci on the 



FIG. 72. Inferior surface of the liver. (Ranke, Der Mensch.) a, right hepatic 

 lobe; b, left hepatic lobe; c, gall-bladder; d, vena cava ; e, Spigelian lobe; 

 f, quadrate lobe ; g, porta hepatis ; h, hepatic duct ; i, cystic duct ; k, common 

 duct; 1, lig. teres. 



posterior surface (see Fig. 72) is absent in the gorilla (Bischoff), 

 chimpanzee and oran-utan (R. Hartmann). The liver of the 

 gorilla differs further from that of man in that, in addition to 

 the two principal lobes, it sometimes possesses other lobes 

 indenting the margins. 



In conclusion it may be observed that the gall-bladder of 

 the chimpanzee is -larger than the same organ in the other an- 

 thropoids and in man. The close resemblance of the human 

 liver to that of the pig has frequently been emphasised, but 



1 Ranke, he. cit., i., p. 293. 



