286 THE HUMAN SPECIES 



apes weep from emotion was proved by Humboldt's instance 

 of the Callithrix. In the London Zoological Gardens there 

 was a macacus that wept so bitterly from grief that his cheeks 

 streamed with tears ; and Garner l states, " At the depar- 

 ture of a little boy of whom a female capuchin ape had been 

 very fond she wept so bitterly that she was inconsolable". 

 "This little creature," he says, "shed true tears which no doubt 

 came from the same source in the heart from which human 

 tears flow." The absence of tears when the new-born infant 

 expresses its feelings of displeasure is not explained by inability 

 of the lachrymal gland to secrete freely, but is due to the in- 

 complete development of the central nerve-organ. A child has 

 to learn not only to appreciate sensory impressions, and to talk, 

 but also it must acquire the art of weeping. It is evident from 

 the foregoing that weeping is not a human speciality. 



Sobbing, the series of expiratory gasps that accompanies 

 weeping, and is caused by deep mental depression, has never 

 been observed in animals, not even in the higher apes. 



Those expressions of feeling which belong to the sphere of 

 the will, and appear as inclination and disinclination towards 

 other people, play the same part in the lives of animals as in 

 those of men. Inclination and love have no very distinct ex- 

 pression in man, beyond perhaps smiling, brightness of the 

 eyes, and a desire to touch the beloved person. This desire is 

 seen also in the higher mammals and birds, especially in 

 parrots. Dogs press closely against one and wag their tails 

 vigorously ; cats rub against the legs of people of whom they 

 are fond, and erect their tails and purr loudly ; horses lay their 

 heads on the shoulder of their master, or groom, and whinny 

 gently ; parrots are delighted at having their outstretched heads 

 scratched. 



Kissing is a sign of affection not entirely peculiar to man. 

 Many animals appear to kiss one another. Dogs, and less often 

 cats, lick with their tongues other dogs and men upon whom 

 they have bestowed their affection, and Darwin describes how 

 two chimpanzees brought together touched each other with 

 outstretched lips and then embraced. Yet kissing is not uni- 

 versal among all the races of mankind ; it is unknown through- 

 Earner, loc. cit., pp. 40, 51. 



