2 88 



THE HUMAN SPECIES 



make use of such vocal powers as they possess and show their 

 teeth (Fig. 132). The ape's face visibly reddens when angry, 

 he stares fiercely, and with outstretched lips utters loud cries 

 and beats with open hand on the ground or with clenched 

 fist on breast The angry man behaves in much the same 

 way, his face flushes, his eyes stare, his lips are firmly set, his 

 voice gets shrill, and if he does not stamp he bangs his hand or 

 fist on the table, or on anything lying near, while often enough 

 his anger carries him, like an angry animal, to express his feel- 

 ings by aggressive action. Persistent anger or hate is not 

 unknown in animals ; there is the familiar spectacle of a dog 

 who catches sight of another dog in the distance, stopping with 



FIG. 132. Angry dog. (Darwin. 



the hair erect along his spine, first growling and then barking 

 furiously. Many anecdotes have been published of the long- 

 delayed and unexpected revenge of horses, camels and other 

 domestic animals on men who have previously ill-treated them. 



There remains only a few other modes of expressing anti- 

 pathy and they are certainly confined to man : namely, scorn, 

 disdain, contempt and loathing. 



Curling up one side of the nose and displaying the eye-tooth, 

 which is in many men the expression of scorn, may be compared 

 to the retraction of the upper lip and baring the teeth in bad- 

 tempered dogs, but not even the highest animals can feel real 

 contempt. Neither can the disregard of small animals for the 

 large beasts of prey be likened to the moral contempt of man, 



