342 



THE HUMAN SPECIES 



Brachyceros) (Fig. 166). The bog swine (Figs. 167 and 168), 

 apparently derived from the European wild boar, a goat, and 

 a goat-like sheep, have also been found (Fig. 169). The horse, 

 so frequently found in the first Stone Age in the neolithic period, 

 is not found till the time of the pile-dwellings, and does not 

 rank as a domestic animal till the Bronze Age is reached. 



In the same way the ass, the cat and domestic birds (the 

 goose, duck, hen and pigeon) were not present during the 

 earliest times in Europe. They were all later additions from 

 the South and South-East. 



FIG. 167. Skull of a bog swine 

 from Lattringen. 



FIG. 168. Mandible of bog sxvine 

 from pile-buildings at Schaffis. 



Fields and Gardens. The food of man has never con- 

 sisted of meat alone, for his dietary also comprised the edible 

 types of vegetables. In the early Stone Age he picked 

 berries, shook down the wild fruits, gathered mushrooms and 

 dug up roots. No traces, however, remain of all this activity ; 

 it is only in the beginning of the second Stone Age that we 

 come across distinct evidence of vegetable food, without, 

 however, being able to say clearly whether it was derived 

 from wild plants or from those cultivated by man. In the 

 upper strata of the cave at Mas d'Azil, in Southern France, 

 which clearly show the beginnings of neolithic civilisation with 



