398 THE HUiMAN SPECIES 



disease. Since Israel's communications in 1878 it has been 

 known that this disease is caused by a ray fungus (Actinomyces 

 bovis), and that it is not infrequently communicated to man, 

 especially to agricultural labourers whose teeth are carious. 

 The grains of corn in which the fungus is contained become 

 lodged between the teeth. The skin, both in man and in 

 cattle, becomes undermined and there is a spreading suppura- 

 tion. 



The power of producing suppuration and abscesses is also 

 possessed by another streptothrix, that producing the Madura- 

 foot, and also by the streptothrix of Eppinger, which, however, 

 also produces in rabbits and guinea-pigs secondary multiple 

 abscesses and suppuration in the bronchial and supraclavicular 

 glands. 



The three forms of malaria (Tertian, Quartan and Autumno- 

 ^Estival) represent a disease conveyed by mosquitoes, which is 

 characterised by the destruction of the red blood cells and is 

 only of importance in man (Plate V., fig. 12). Primary dis- 

 ease in mammals, such as proves fatal to man, has not been 

 observed, although certain other animals are stung by the 

 female Anopheles. Secondary infection from man to other 

 animals is ineffective according to R. Koch. On the other 

 hand, according to Friedberger and Frohner, cattle, horses and 

 dogs suffer from diseases similar to malaria both in Africa and 

 Italy. 1 No microscopical researches have as yet been published 

 on this point Possibly these diseases \vhich resemble malaria 

 are identical with the dog's disease described by Dr. Sigmund 

 Taussig in Herzegovina, as endemic gastric catarrh accom- 

 panied by fever. 2 According to more recent reports (C. Steiner) 

 this disease is a local mosquito fever, from which many persons 

 and also domestic animals of all kinds suffer during the summer 

 months. It is set up by the sting of a mosquito (Culex 

 pipiens). 3 



The Trypanosoma Ugandense (Castellani) is the asexual 

 generation of a flagellate protozoon ; it reaches the blood of the 

 negro (and also as- has recently been shown of the European) 



1 Friedberger und Frohner, loc. cit., ii., p. 7*2. 



2 Taussig, Wiener Klin. Wochenschr., 1905, 6 and 7. 



3 Steiner, Wiener Klin. Rundschau, 18, 65. 



