INTERNAL DISEASES 407 



similarity in the anatomical construction of man and the class of 

 Vertebrates now under consideration. 



Diseases of the Digestive Organs. A glance through the 

 veterinary text-books on special pathology, or through the 

 mortality lists of the zoological gardens, reveals the same 

 features, both in pathology and pathological anatomy, as may 

 be seen in man. The mucous membrane of the mouth is subject 

 to the same lesions both in man and in animals. Among the 

 herbivora (horses, cattle, sheep) we find the same catarrhal and 

 aphthous stomatitis, and in cats and dogs, and also in horses 

 and cattle the same ulcerative processes as occur in the mouth 

 of man. Mumps (an inflammation of the parotid gland of 

 variable character) is not peculiar to man, but also occurs in 

 dogs, cats, horses, cattle and goats. Suppurative parotitis has 

 been observed in a leopard, and noma has been met with several 

 times in apes (M. Schmidt). Actinomycosis of the parotid occurs 

 in cattle, and sore throats similar to those seen in man may 

 occasionally, but not commonly, be observed in horses and cattle. 

 Diverticula and enlargements of the gullet are now and then 

 observed in cattle ; stenosis, lacerations, inflammation, par- 

 alysis and spasm are much more frequently seen in all domestic 

 animals. 



The descriptions of diseases of the stomach (acute and chronic 

 catarrh) in horses, cattle, apes and beasts of prey, and of catarrh 

 of the intestinal canal in apes, dogs, cats and pigs, might be 

 taken straight from a work on human pathology or pathological 

 anatomy. Horses, cattle, dogs and swine suffer from colic as do 

 men ; cattle suffer from ulceration of the stomach and intestines, 

 and these and other domestic animals, and also wild cats, foxes 

 and wolves, also suffer frequently from haemorrhage from the 

 stomach and intestines, and from inflammatory conditions due 

 to various causes but not differing materially from those found 

 in man. Schmidt has had the opportunity of observing an 

 intussusception of the caecum into the colon in a monkey, and 

 in another a prolapse of the rectum. 



To pass on to the diseases of the liver, catarrhal jaundice is 

 frequently observed in dogs, hypertrophy and fatty liver in apes, 

 parenchymatous inflammation and abscess in various domestic 

 animals, acute yellow atrophy in sheep and horses, cirrhosis (not 



