4 o8 THE HUMAN SPECIES 



due to alcohol !) in horses, dogs, cats, cattle and swine, and 

 cancer in dogs, horses and cattle. In all these conditions there 

 is a complete similarity between animals and man. 



The sole point in which man differs from other animals is 

 that he suffers occasionally from movable liver. 



All domestic animals, as well as the apes and smaller beasts 

 of prey in menageries, like man suffer from acute peritonitis 

 which frequently becomes chronic, and is due to both internal 

 and external causes. These animals may also develop ascites as 

 the result of disease of the liver, spleen, heart or lungs. 



Diseases of the Organs of Respiration. Horses, sheep, cattle, 

 swine, dogs and cats may suffer from acute nasal catarrh which 

 often becomes chronic. Epistaxis occurs in horses, especially 

 after severe exertion, and tumours of all sorts, from mucous 

 polypi to sarcoma and carcinoma, all frequent pathological find - 

 ings in most of our domestic animals. 



Dogs and horses, in which the organs of respiration are so 

 important, are subject to acute and chronic laryngitis. CEdema 

 of the glottis, a condition once observed in a jaguar by Schmidt, 

 often occurs in horses. Acute and chronic bronchitis are fre- 

 quently seen both in domestic animals (such as horses, dogs, 

 cattle and sheep) and in apes and the smaller felidae and canidae 

 in zoological gardens (M. Schmidt). Horses, cattle, sheep, 

 swine, dogs and cats frequently suffer from catarrhal and in- 

 terstitial pneumonia. Both in men and animals inflammation 

 of the lungs may go on to gangrene. Haemorrhage and em- 

 physema are very common in horses and cattle. 



Inflammation of the pleura with or without effusion into the 

 pleural cavity, has the same etiology and course in animals as in 

 man. The acute cases in apes, and in beasts of prey, are usually 

 complications of pneumonia ; the chronic cases in apes, dogs, sheep 

 and horses end in chronic pulmonary disease, chiefly tuberculosis. 



Hydrothorax may occur in horses, cattle, dogs and other 

 animals owing to dropsy, and pneumothorax owing to other 

 causes. 



Diseases of the Circulatory Organs. Inflammation of the 

 pericardium, so frequently seen in man, is only common in 

 domestic cattle. It is sometimes found post-mortem as the re- 

 sult of a tuberculous pleurisy in apes, and in the larger and 



