INTERNAL DISEASES 409 



smaller beasts of prey (Schmidt). Inflammation of the heart 

 muscle, observed by Schmidt in tuberculous apes, is otherwise 

 only seen in horses and cattle ; this is also the case with acute 

 endocarditis, which is rare in dogs, swine and other domestic 

 animals. As in man, the nature of the lesion causes the acute 

 endocarditis frequently to become chronic, setting up valvular 

 defects ; and on this again depends the final hypertrophy and 

 dilatation of the heart which ensues. Concentric hypertrophy 

 was seldom found by Schmidt in apes ; excentric hypertrophy 

 he found much commoner both in apes and in beasts of prey. 

 Horses suffer from hypertrophy and dilatation, owing to the 

 special demand for efficiency which is made upon their hearts ; 

 they share also with men the peculiarity of developing aortic 

 aneurysms (though Schmidt found an aneurysm of the thoracic 

 aorta in Cercopithecus pluto) ; cattle as well as horses may suffer 

 from thrombosis with consequent gangrene or haemorrhage. 



If the spleen, owing to its blood-forming function, is con- 

 sidered as an annex to the circulatory system, we may here 

 mention the acute enlargements which may occur in cattle and 

 pigs, as in man, as the result of cirrhosis of the liver and 

 portal obstruction. 



On the other hand, the chronic enlargement associated with 

 malaria and leuchaemia is peculiar to man. So is the rarer 

 condition known as wandering, or movable, spleen ; this, like 

 the movable liver and kidneys, is apparently the result of the 

 upright position. 



Inflammation and abscess of the spleen, which are not infre- 

 quent in animals as the result of injuries, are among the rarest 

 of pathological conditions in man. 



Diseases of the Urogenital Organs. Here, again, we find 

 general consonance with the corresponding pathological pro- 

 cesses in man. Acute (diffuse) inflammation of the kidney is a 

 frequent disease in all domestic animals, such as horses, cattle 

 and dogs; chronic (parenchymatous) inflammation, correspond- 

 ing to Bright's disease in man, attacks cattle and horses, but 

 rarely beasts of prey ; in the latter, contusions and other trau- 

 matic lesions not infrequently set up inflammation of the capsule 

 or pelvis of the kidney, and thus lead to interstitial nephritis, and 

 the large accumulations of pus called pyonephrosis. 



