416 THE HUMAN SPECIES 



die in twelve hours. The story of Stanley's dachshund is well 

 known. When Stanley started for his last great African journey 

 he left the dog behind. The animal from the first refused all 

 nourishment and died after three days. I myself know of a 

 yellow-hooded cockatoo which, two days after its mistress had 

 sold it, was found dead in its cage. These are well-authenti- 

 cated instances of extreme depression of spirits which might 

 well be identified with melancholia in man, were it not for the 

 absence of any evidence of the characteristic psychical incapacity, 

 the hallucinations, delusions, etc., so that we can only conclude 

 that it is a simple physiological and psychological depression. 

 Thus melancholia in man must be regarded as a specific psy- 

 chosis. 



Lindsay considers it self-evident that it is very difficult for 

 veterinary surgeons, or other observers, to determine the onset 

 and progress of intellectual disturbances in animals owing to 

 their being unable to speak. Now as regards the gradual onset 

 of imbecility as a sequel to acute cerebral processes, the behaviour 

 of the affected animal gives plenty of ground for the establish- 

 ment of the diagnosis ; nor is it easy to pass over the semi- 

 conscious condition which is connected with epilepsy in animals. 

 On the other hand, it would be useless to look for symptoms of 

 insanity (paranoia), hysteria or hypochondria in an animal, for 

 the morbid delusions, which are peculiar to these conditions, 

 can only occur in a brain gifted with higher reasoning powers, 

 such as that of man. 



(3) Chronic Constitutional Diseases of a Non = Infectious Nature. 



Among morbid blood changes, such as are seen in man, 

 ordinary anaemia has been observed among young dogs, cats, 

 swine, horses and cattle; pernicious anaemia only in the last- 

 named. Hydraemia attacks sheep, swine and cattle, and leu- 

 chaemia occurs in cattle, horses, cats and swine. Haemophilia has 

 as yet only been noticed in horses ; scorbutus, on the other hand, 

 occurs in swine, dogs and sheep ; Schmidt has seen a case in a 

 gorilla. Horses occasionally suffer from Diabetes insipidus, and 

 dogs, cats, cattle and horses from Diabetes mellitus. Among wild 

 animals in captivity, Schmidt has seen cases of the last-named 

 in two apes and a panther. Other common metabolic diseases, 



