SURGICAL DISEASES 423 



whether the pelvis is of the female type, but in animals the 

 phenomena are well known. In the males the bones of the 

 fore part are slighter than those of the hinder, and in bitches 

 which have been splayed the larger species have heavier pelves 

 on the whole, but all the relative measurements down to the 

 conjugate diameter of the outlet are smaller. The skull under- 

 goes striking changes. In eunuchs the circumference of the 

 head is small, and the occipital curve, as Gall showed, is con- 

 siderably narrower. Corresponding to this, according to L. 

 Hofmann, is the slightly built skull of male animals after 

 gelding. A capon's skull remains small ; the skulls of bulls 

 and horses do not develop. Some observations on stags are 

 interesting ; if they are gelded early, before the antlers have 

 begun to bud, these do not appear ; if later, the antlers remain 

 small, and after atrophy of the testis on either side a unilateral 

 atrophy of the antler also occurs. 



Gall has described a remarkable narrowing of the occipital 

 arch in eunuchs. This he considers corresponds to an atrophy 

 of the cerebellum, a view which he has established for animals 

 but not in the case of man. Not only did Vimont find, when 

 carrying out some experiments to test Gall's assertion, that the 

 removal of one testis caused a diminution in the size of the 

 opposite cerebellar hemisphere, but that after double castration 

 the entire brain failed to 'develop, and more especially the cere- 

 bellum. It is clear that the special influence of castration on 

 the cerebellum must both in man and animals lead to corre- 

 sponding mental changes. As a matter of fact, it is well known 

 that the sexual instinct is absent in castrated men and women 

 and animals, and that they have, moreover, lost all courage and 

 love of fighting. 



From the way in which the observations on human castration 

 agree with those on animals, Moebius comes to the conclusion 

 I had already reached in my treatise on The Double Personal- 

 ity of the MetazoonS) namely, that " to a certain extent each sex 

 contains the developmental potentialities of the other". The 

 genital glands, says Moebius, are not the cause of the secondary 

 sexual characteristics, but only promote them, while hindering 

 the appearance of the secondary characteristics of the other sex. 



Surgery of the Organs of Locomotion. Laceration of the 



