ELEMENTS OF LABORATORY WORK 



92. The synthesis of water by means of copper oxide . . .139 



93. Different relative quantities of the same kinds of matter may 



combine chemically ........ 141 



Table of homologous paraffins, bodies containing carbon and 

 hydrogen in different relative quantities . . . .142 



94. The rise in temperature during chemical combination . . 142 



95. Dalton's atomic hypothesis and its later development . . 145 

 Additional exercises and questions ...... 148 



CHAPTER VIII 



OBSERVATIONS WHICH LEAD TO THE THEORY THAT SPACE 

 IS FILLED WITH A MEDIUM, THE ETHER, BY MEANS OF 

 WHICH CERTAIN MODES OF MOTION ARE CONVEYED FROM 

 ONE PORTION OF MATTER TO ANOTHER 



96. On radiation or rectilinear propagation of light and tem- 



perature . . . . . . . . 150 



97. Reflexion . . .151 



98. The focal length of a concave mirror and of a convex lens . 152 



99. The formation of a spectrum . . . . . . .155 



100. The interference of light - * . . 156 



101. The explanation of interference . . .... 158 



102. The explanation of rectilinear propagation . . . 160 



103. The interference grating . .162 



104. The explanation of reflexion and refraction . . . .164 

 Table of refractive indices . . . . . . . 167 



105. The explanation of spectra, with observations .... 167 

 Additional exercises and questions 170 



APPENDIX 



1. Observations of quantity of matter. Balances . . .173 



2. Observations of dimensions and densities .... 174 



3. Observations of temperature-changes. Thermometers . .174 



4. Observations of fall of bodies to the earth . . . .175 



5. Observations of electrification 176 



6. Cells . , 176 



7. Observations of solution, &c 177 



8. Purity of substances . 177 



9. Observations of radiation . 178 



