TUTTLE ENGINEERING NOTES ON HAWAII. 145 



From this it will be noted that Hawaii prodtices nearly 37% of the 

 cane sugar of the United States (including Porto Rico), andnearly 9% 

 of the cane sugar of the world. 



Railroads. A well-equipped railroad, having a length of 71 miles, 

 traverses the southern, western and northern coasts of Oahu, and an- 

 other is in use from Hilo, Hawaii, to the Puna plantation on the south, 

 with a branch to Olaa plantation on the road to Kilauea. The last- 

 mentioned road and branches, when complete, will have a length of 

 43 miles. There is also a short, narrow-gauge road along the extreme 

 north point of Hawaii for the transportation of sugar from the Kohala 

 mills to the Mahukona landing, and another similar road crosses 

 Maui. 



While the old-fashioned tram road of Honolulu is still in operation 

 it has been largely superseded by a new trolley line, now operating on 

 over 20 miles of single track with 85-lb. rails. Open cars are used, of 

 a type which can be quickly changed into substantial closed ones, 

 affording perfect protection during the most inclement weather. Most 

 of the plantation-mill railroads are well built and maintained, but 

 their location is usually such that they can only be used for communi- 

 cation with the mill which each serves. 



Telephones and Telegraph. Telephones were introduced in Honolulu 

 and Hilo in 1882. They are in common use and have been installed 

 in the smallest hamlets, bringing all parts of each island within reach 

 of quick communication and at very reasonable rates, ranging, in 

 Oahu, from 42 to 890 per annum. For inter-island communication 

 the wireless telegraph system has been installed, with stations on Oahu, 

 Molokai, Lanai, Maui and Hawaii, the longest transmission being 78 

 miles between Keeaumoku, Lanai and Mahukona, Hawaii. The poles 

 used range from 125ft. to 175 ft. in height above the ocean. The 

 system has been put in successful use, but patent difficulties have 

 interfered with continuity of operation. 



As is well known, the laying of the long-talked-of Pacific cable is 

 about to begin, which will bring not only these islands, but also the 

 Philippines, into closer touch with the rest of our country. 



Municipal Engineering. Honolulu and Hilo have a public water 

 supply and sewerage system, and electric-light service; seme of the 

 smaller settlements are provided with a portion of these conveniences. 



The water supply of Honolulu is in part obtained from mountain 



