146 TUTTLE ENGINEERING NOTES ON HAWAII. 



streams and in part from deep wells; the former is a gravity supply, 

 and the surplus head is used for generating a portion of the power 

 used for street lighting. The total supply is about 8 000 000 galls, 

 per day, or about 175 galls, per capita per day. This use, it should 

 be noted, includes the irrigation of the extensive grounds which sur- 

 round the typical Honolulu home, and which are invariably well 

 s tocked with every variety of tropical plant. 



The sewerage system of Honolulu is in every respect a modern one, 

 and was designed by Eudolph Bering, M. Am. Soc. C. E. ; at the begin- 

 ning of the present year the portion completed included nearly 40 

 miles of laterals and mains, ranging in size from 6 ins. to 36 ins. in di- 

 ameter. The entire flow is raised a few feet at the pumping station 

 located near the harbor, and the steel pipe outlet is intended to be car- 

 ried to a depth of 100 ft. of water, where the discharge will meet cur- 

 rents which will take it away from the shore, although work has been 

 temporarily suspended at a depth of 50 ft. Surface drainage is pro- 

 vided for by either open timber or concrete flumes. 



In the district of Honolulu there are about 75 miles of roads, and 

 those of the most populous sections, together with the main driving 

 thoroughfares, have been macadamized. The earlier work consisted 

 simply of a surface coat of stone, but the specifications at present in 

 use require an 8-in. bed of 2-in. stone, well compacted and covered 

 with a layer of screenings 1 in. in thickness. Blue stone is used 

 for curbing and cement for walks. Coral rock has been used for 

 some of the roads, but it has proven to be exceedingly difficult and 

 expensive to keep in repair. The harder volcanic rock is generally 

 used, the quarrying and crushing being done with a plant owned by 

 the Territory. 



Timber, steel and concrete bridges occur frequently on the 

 Hawaiian roads, some of them being of a very substantial character, 

 and particularly so in the vicinity of Honolulu. The district of Hono- 

 lulu has a well-organized, paid fire department, with 3 stations and 

 an equipment comprising 1 first-class, 3 second-class, 1 third-class, 

 and 1 fourth-class fire engines, and a chemical engine, together with 

 other accessories in keeping, including a call system. 



Docks and Harbors. Honolulu is the only port on the islands where 

 extensive dock facilities have been provided. There are but three har- 

 bors of importance on the islands, Honolulu and Pearl Harbor, on 



