QUADRUMANA. 57 



dining 1 to olive above; cheeks blue and furrowed. The nose in the adult 

 male becomes red, particularly at the end, where it is scarlet, which has 

 been the cause of its being- deemed, erroneously, a distinct species. It is 

 difficult to imagine a more hideous or extraordinary animal. He nearly at- 

 tains the size of a man, and is a terror to the negroes of Guinea. Many 

 details of his history have been mixed up with that of the Chimpanse, and 

 consequently with that of the Ourang-Outang. 



THE MONKEYS or AMERICA 



Have four grinders more than the others thirty -six in all; the tail long; 

 no cheek-pouches; seat hairy; no callosities; nostrils opening on the 

 sides of the nose, and not underneath. All the great Quadrumana of 

 America belong to this division. 



The tails of some of them are prehensile that is, their extremity can 

 twist round a body with sufficient force to seize it as with a hand. They 

 are more particularly designated by the name of Sapajous. 



At their head may be placed the Alouattes (MYCETES, Illig.)> which are 

 distinguished by a pyramidal head, the upper jaw of which descends much 

 below the cranium, as the branches of the lower one ascend very high for 

 the purpose of lodging a bony drum, formed by a vesicular inflation of the 

 hyoid bone, which communicates with the larynx, and gives to their voice 

 astonishing power, and a most frightful sound. Hence their name of 

 Howling Monkeys. The prehensile portion of the tail is naked .beneath. 



There are several species, whose distinguishing characters are not yet 

 well ascertained, for the colour of the fur on which they are established 

 varies with the age and sex. 



Simia seniculus, Buff. (Red Howling Monkey.) It is often sent to us 

 from the forests of Guiana, where it lives in troops; size that of a large fox; 

 colour, a reddish chesnut, rather deeper at the head and tail. 



The COMMON SAPAJOUS have the head flat, and the projection of the 

 muzzle very moderate facial angle 60. 



In some of them, the anterior thumbs are either totally, or nearly so, hid- 

 den under the skin, and the prehensile part of the tail naked beneath. M. 

 Geoff, has formed them into a genus by the name of ATELES. 



LAGOTHHIX, Geoff. GASTRIMARGUS, Spix. 



Head round, a thumb like the Alouattes; tail partly naked. Such are the 

 L. Humboldii, Geoff, the Capparo, and the Grison or the Silver-haired 

 Monkey; Monkeys from the interior of South America, said to be remark- 

 able gluttons. 



The other Sapajous have a round head, distinct thumbs, and the tail hairy, 

 though prehensile. The species are more numerous than those of the 

 Alouatte, and are characterised with nearly as much difficulty. 



Some of them have the hairs on the forehead of a uniform length, such 

 as the 



Sim. appella, L. (The Sajou); and the S> capucina, L. (The Capuchin.) 

 H 



