a6 DESCRIPTIONS OF PREPARATIONS. 



h. Coil of colon supported by same lamina of peritoneum which attaches the pancreas and duodenum 

 to each other and to the rectum. The letter points to the proximal end of the last coil 

 described by the colon before it joins the rectum. 



i. Peyer's patch marking point where duodenum passes into jejunum in a plane anterior to that 



occupied by the rectum. 

 j. Left kidney. 



k. Rectum containing scybala. 



secondly, the arrangement of the pancreas in widely-scattered loosely-com- 

 pacted lobules, spreading all the way from the spleen at f down nearly to 

 the concavity of the loop of duodenum ; thirdly, the great length of this 

 loop reminding us of the similarly long duodenum of birds ; fourthly, the 

 dilatation, , at the commencement of the duodenum, an enlargement 

 observable in many phytophagous Rodents, as Lagostomus, and also in the 

 Hyrax, the Llama, and the Bottle-nose whale, Dephinus Dalei 1 . The 

 descending colon, k> and the loop of duodenum are connected together by a 

 continuous sheet of mesentery, the name therefore of intestinum mesenteriale 

 cannot be confined in these animals, as it has been in others, to the jejunum 

 and ileum ; in other words, the colon and duodenum have much greater 

 freedom of movement allowed them by the greater extent of their mesen- 

 tery than in certain other Mammals. 



Between the portion of the colon, shown here in section at ^, and the 

 segment next the caecum, shown similarly in Preparation 7 and in Fig. 3 

 at f, certain coils not shown in either figure intervene. A part of these 

 coils corresponds to the spirally-coiled portion 2 of the colon of the Artio- 

 dactyla, but this correspondence is more plainly demonstrable in the Guinea 

 Pig than in the Rabbit. 



Professor Claude Bernard has, in the Supplement aux Comptes Rendus, torn, 

 i. PI. 3-4, Fig. 5, 1856, figured -a pancreas of the Rabbit with a second, which is 

 a much smaller, duct opening into the bile-duct just before its entrance into the 

 intestine. On PI. 7-8 /. c. he has figured the same organ from a Rabbit in which 

 only the single duct figured here was present, and in which oily matter had been 

 mixed with the animal's food. In this case it is only distally to the point of 

 entrance of the duct that the lacteals are seen to be filled with white fluid and to 

 have absorbed the oily matter ingested. This fact has been explained by Bidder 

 and Schmidt, Die Verdauungssafte und der Stoffwechsel, p. 256, 1852, as being due 

 to the oily matter having been absorbed in the proximal segments of the duodenum, 

 and having been also passed through the lacteal vessels in connection with them, 

 and so having disappeared from view in the period of from five to six hours which 

 they suppose to have been allowed to elapse between the ingestion of the oily 

 matter and the examination of the duodenum. Bernard's views were controverted 

 by other physiologists (see Schiff, Moleschott's Untersuchungen, ii. p. 345, 1857, 



1 See Owen, P. Z. S. 1839, P- I 7 6 ' and Hunterian Catalogue, vol. i. 566 B. 



2 For a figure showing the spirally-coiled portion of the colon, the caecum, and the small 

 intestine of an Artiodactyle, see Dr. Cobbold, Cyclopaedia of Anatomy and Physiology, vol. v. 

 art. ' Ruminantia/ Fig. 361, p. 538. For several showing similar arrangements in Rodentia, see 

 Pallas, Novae Species Glirium, PI. xvii. 1778. 



