98 The Animal Mind 



hand, Giltay obtained opposite results; the flowers whose 

 corollas were removed were neglected by bees, while those 

 which were covered so as to be invisible, but not so as to 

 prevent the odor from escaping, were also unnoticed (144). 

 Josephine We*ry found that the proportion of bees visiting 

 flowers with intact corollas to those visiting flowers with the 

 corollas removed was 66 : 18 (434). Kienitz-Gerloff criticises 

 Plateau's figures and the accuracy of his experiments (220). 

 Forel found that a bee with the antennas and all the mouth 

 parts removed, hence probably incapable of smell, returned 

 to flowers for honey, though of course without success (130). 

 Andreae thinks that among diurnal insects those which live 

 on the ground, and take but short flights, are more influenced 

 by smell ; while the freely flying insects are attracted by the 

 sight of flowers (5). 



30. How Bees find the Hive 



Most complicated of all is the problem as to how bees find 

 their way back to the hive. It is obvious that the simple ant 

 method of following a chemical trail is ruled out for in- 

 sects that fly. Bethe abandons the puzzle as insoluble (30). 



Von Buttel-Reepen attempts at length, and with a vast 

 amount of apic lore, to refute his position. It would be im- 

 possible to give more than the briefest statement of the argu- 

 ments of both sides. Bethe maintains that the smell of the 

 hive does not guide the bees back to it, because he found 

 that if the hive were rotated slowly enough to allow the cloud 

 of nest smell at the opening to move with the opening, the bees 

 returning would not follow it for more than 45, but would 

 go to the place where the opening had been. He thinks 

 they are not guided by sight, because when he completely 

 changed the appearance of the hive, masking it with branches, 

 and other coverings, the bees were not disconcerted, but flew 



