34 THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



Kar tulis' views, which are briefly stated here, are also considered by 

 the author to hold good for endemic (tropical) dysentery. They have met 

 partly with assent, and partly with vehement opposition. The authors 

 who support Kartulis, such as Councilman and Lafleur, 1 Quincke and Roos/ 

 Kruse and Pasquale,' Kovacs, 1 and others, 5 for the most part agree on the 

 grounds of their own very extensive researches, but also on account of the 

 irrefutable arguments adduced by Kartulis, and they are more or less convinced 

 of the pathogenic action of Amoeba dysenterica, and agree in regarding the 

 parasite as the sole, or at least the primary, agent in the causation of 

 endemic (tropical) or amoebic dysentery or amoebic enteritis. They are 

 also of opinion that the bacteria which always accompany the amceba are 

 not specific, but possess pathogenic qualities and play a part in the morbid 

 process induced by the amoeba. 



The opponents base their opinion on the fact that in various places 

 intestinal amoebae are either invariably absent in cases of true endemic 

 dysentery, or are very scarce, as, for instance, in Japan, Algeria, the Philip- 

 pines ; moreover, that they are found in the evacuations in other infectious 

 and non-infectious intestinal diseases (typhus, cholera, colitis, proctitis, 

 acute and chronic intestinal catarrh, &c.), and that they are even present 

 in perfectly healthy persons. t; The experimental infection produced in 

 animals to prove the pathogenic nature of the Amoebae of the intestine 

 is not considered above reproach. Apart from the circumstance that 

 all the experiments were not followed by positive results, in one case, 

 undoubtedly, impure material was used ; and in those cases where test 

 cultures proved that the material was free from bacteria, no absolute proof 

 of this condition was given. Moreover, it is also possible to cause a 

 dysenteric disease in mammals (cats were mostly used) when the amoebae 

 in the evacuations used for injection have been killed off by the addition 

 of water or by heating, or even when ordinary garden mould diluted 

 with water is used for the injection. 7 It is also emphasised that the 

 order of the experiments is entirely reversed, because the infection of man 



1 Councilman, W. P., and H. A. Lafleur, "Amoebic Dysentery" (Johns Hopk. Hos. 

 Rep., 1891, ii., p. 395)- 



-Quincke and Roos, " Ueb A mceb. -Enteritis" (Berl. klin. Wchschrift., 1893, xxx., 

 No. 45, p. 1089); Roos, E. Z., Kenntniss der Amcebenenteritis (Arch. filr exp. Path, 

 und Pharm., 1894, xxxiii., p. 389). 



3 Kruse, W., and Pasquale, " Eine Exped. n. Mgypt." (Dtsch. med. Wchschrft., 

 1893, No. 15, p.' 354 ; No. 16, p. 378); " Unters. ub. Dys. u. Leberabsc." (Ztschr. /. 

 Hyg., 1894, xvi., p. i). 



4 Kovacs, F., " Beob. u. Vers. Ub. d. so. Amceben-Dys." (Zeitschr. f. Heilkde., 1892, 

 xiii., p. 59)- 



'Compare also the following literature: Schuberg, A., "Die para*. A mceb en d. 

 tnenschl. Darms (C. f. B., u. P., 1893, xiii., pp. 598, 654, 701) ; Janowski, W., " Z. Aetiol. 

 d. Dys." (C. f. B., P. u. /., 1897, xxi., pp. 88, 151, 194, 234). 



6 Schuberg, A. (C. /. B. und P., 1893, xiii., p. 598); Casagrandi, O. G. V., and 

 P. Barbagallo (Boll. Accad. Gioenea sc. nat. Catania, 1885) Celli, A., and R. Fiocca, 

 " Ueb. d. Aetiol. d. Dys." (C. f. B. u. P., 1895, xvii., p. 309) ; Grassi, B. (Lc.) ; Massiutin, 

 " Amceb. als Paras, d. Dickdarms " (Wraisch, 1889, No - 2 5> Ref. in C. f. B. u. P., 1889, 

 vi., p. 451); Laveran, " Etiol. de la dys." (Sem. m'd., 1893, p. 508; C. R. soc. biol., 

 1893, v., p. 875). 



' Gasser, I., " Notf sur la cause de la dys." (Arch. mcd. exp. et d'anat. pathol., 1895, 

 p. 198). 



