46 THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



chand-Zunker's Flagellate was soon demonstrated by Grassi's 1 

 researches, accounts of which were published soon after. In about 

 100 cases of bowel complaints in North Italy and Sicily, Grassi 

 found Flagellata in the stools, which he first named Monocerco- 

 monas and Cimcenomonas, but later, however, termed Trichomonas . 

 However, in opposition to Leuckart, Grassi has also classified 

 Davaine's Cercomonas hominis ( = Cere, intestinalis, Lambl, 1875) as 

 Trichomonas, and most authors have followed his example. It is 

 only recently that, through Janowski,- the former standpoint has 

 again been taken up. After a thorough review of the literature, 

 the occurrence of Cercomonades in the intestine of human beings, 

 in addition to Trichomonades, is considered by the author to 

 have been proved, and he adds a minute description of the 

 Trichomonades. According to this, as well as according to the state- 

 ments of earlier authors, all morphological distinction between Tricho- 

 monas vaginalis, Donne, and T. intestinalis, Leuckart, disappears. 

 No importance can any more be attached to the greater number 

 of the cilia which, according to Leuckart, were nothing more 

 nor less than an impression conveyed by the movements 

 of the undulating membrane ; therefore Leuckart' s designation 

 must give way to Donne's older term, and the Trichomonade 

 occurring in the intestine of man must be called Trichomonas 

 vaginalis, Donne. 



In the same way other, names applied to this species become 

 synonyms, the following, for instance : Protoryxomyces coprinarius, 

 Cunn., 1881 ; 3 Monocercomonas hominis, Grassi, 1882 ; Cimcvnomonas 

 hominis, Grassi, 1882 ; Trichomonas hominis, Grassi, 1888 ; Cercomonas 

 coli hominis, May, 1891 ; 4 Monocercomonas hominis, Epstein. 5 



It therefore follows that the species here discussed is found 

 not only in the vagina of women, in the urethra of men, and in 

 the small and large intestines of healthy 6 and sick persons, but 



1 Grassi, B., " Int. ad. ale. prot. entopar. " (Atti soc. ital. sc. nat. Milano, 1882, 

 xxiv., p. 135) ; " Signific. pathol. del protoz. par. dell' uomo " (Atti R. Accad. d. Lincei. 

 Rendic., iv., 1888, p. 83) : " Sur quelq. prot. endop. . . " (Arch. ital. de biol., 1882, ii., 

 p. 402 ; 1883, iii., p. 23). 



-Janowski, W., " Flagell. i. d. menschl. Faces" (Zeitschr. f. klin. Med., 1887, 

 xxxi., p. 442). 



3 Cunningham, D. D., "On the Development of Certain Microscopical Organisms 

 Occurring in the Intestinal Canal " (Quar. Journ. of Micros. Sc., 1880, 2, xxi., p. 234 ; 

 Zeitschr. fi'ir Biolog., 1882, viii., p. 251). 



1 May, " Ueber Cercom. coli horn." (Dtsch. Arch. f. klin. Med., 1891, xlix., p. 51). 



' Epstein, A., " Beob. ilber Monocerc. horn. u. Amoeba coli " (Prag. med. Wochenschr., 

 1893, Nos. 38-40). 



6 Schuberg, A,, "Die paras. Amceb. d. menschl. Darmes " (C. f. B. u. P., 1893, 

 xiii., p. 598) ; Boas, Dtsch. med. Wochenschr., 1896, p. 2-4. 



