TRICHOMONAS PULMONALIS 47 



has also been observed in the stomach and in the oral cavity : 

 in the stomach by Strube, 1 in the oral cavity of a typhoid 

 patient and in that of a healthy person by Rappin, 2 as well as 

 by Zunker in one of his patients. The Trichomonades that have 

 been observed by Steinberg 3 in the oral cavity of man, and which 

 he regards as belonging to three different species (T. elongata, 

 T. caudata, and T. flagellata, and perhaps also his Cercomonas 

 bi flagellata), are certainly specimens of T. vaginalis, s. I. 4 The same 

 may be said of the flagellata observed in the lung or in the expec- 

 toration, and which have received the name of 



3. Trichomonas pulmonalis. 



Two authors make use of this designation, A. Schmidt 5 and 

 St. Artault ; G the former found the Trichomonades exclusively 

 in the so-called Dittrich's grafts, together with various bacteria ; 

 the latter found the parasites in the contents of a large vomica. 

 In this connection we may refer to an old communication of 

 Leyden and Jaffe, 7 who likewise observed " infusoria " in the 

 putrid sputum of persons suffering from gangrene of the lungs 

 and putrid bronchitis (compare p. 53 as to the occurrence of 

 Cercomonades in gangrene of the lungs). 



It is evident, therefore, that Trichomonas vaginalis finds the con- 

 ditions necessary to its existence in various organs of man "that are 

 accessible from the outside. It has not yet been established in 

 what condition and by which means the parasites are able to find 

 entrance into man. Transmission to mammals (per os) has proved 

 negative. Their occurrence in the oral cavity, and, still more, 

 their presence in the lungs, seems to point to the air as the 

 vehicle, and their presence in the intestine does not contradict 

 this view. Others incriminate drinking water, and an observation of 

 Epstein (I.e.) seems to support this opinion. In a room in Epstein's 



1 Strube, G., Trick, horn, im Mageninhalt bei Carcinoma cardia " (Berl. klin. 

 Wochenschr, 1898, p. 708). 



- Rappin, G., Contrib. a Vttude des baot. de la bouche a I' Hat norm, et dans la fievre 

 typhoide, These, Paris, 188.1. 



:< Steinberg, Kiewer Ztschr. /. neuere Med., 1862. 



1 It appears that Home (Chem. u. Mikrosk. am Krankenbett, Erl., 1850, p. 61) and 

 Langeraux (Traite d'an. path., i., p. 777) long ago observed Trichomonades in the 

 oral cavity. 



'Schmidt, A., " Ueb. paras. Protoz. i. Auswurf " (Miinch. med. Wchschr., 1895, 

 No. 51). 



H Artault, St., " Flore et faune d. Cavern, pulm." (Arch. d. parasit., 1898, i., p. 217). 



? Leyden and Jaffe, " Ueb. putr. (foet.) Sputa nebst einig. Bemerk. ub. Lungenbrand it. 

 putr. Bronchitis " (Dtsch. Arch. f. klin. Med., 1867, p. 488). 



