52 



THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAX 



twice as long as the body was carried at the rounded extremity ; 

 a nucleus was barely recognisable ; occasionally a longish forma- 

 tion (cytostom ?) appeared at the anterior extremity. The 

 creatures moved with remarkable activity, they also attached 

 themselves by means of their posterior extremity and swung about 

 around the point of attachment. Davaine found a smaller 

 variety in the dejections of a typhoid patient (fig. 12, b). 



FIG. 12. Cercomonas hominis, Dav. (a) 

 Larger, (b) smaller variety. Enlarged (after 

 Davaine). 



FIG. 13. Cercomonas hominis, 

 Dav. From an Echinococcus 

 cyst (after Lambl). 



The Flagellata observed by Eckerkrantz l in the intestine of man belong 

 to this form at least to the larger variety and Tham a reported fresh cases 

 soon after. Lambl's publication 3 of 1875, which was written in Russian, 

 and became known through Leuckart's work 4 on parasites, also alludes to 

 apparently typical cercomonades, which, however, were discovered, not in 

 the intestine, but in an Echinococcus cyst in the liver. The elliptical, fusi- 

 form, rarely pear-shaped or cylindrical bodies of the parasites measured 

 croo5 o - oi4 mm. in length, and were provided with a nagellum at one 

 extremity, while the other extremity usually terminated in a long point. 

 An oral aperture existed at the base of the flagellum, and there were one 

 or two vacuoles about the posterior extremity. Longitudinal division was 

 also observed (fig. 13). 



As already mentioned, this form, which Lambl termed Cerco- 

 monas intestinalis, differs considerably from the form found by 

 the same author in 1859, which received the same designation 

 (cf. Lamblia intestinalis), but it corresponds with Cercomonas 

 hominis, Davaine. The latter, as well as Cercomonas intestinalis, 

 Lambl, 1879, are usually classed with the Trichomonades, but, as 

 has already been remarked (cf. Trichomonas intestinalis), this cannot 

 be considered correct, as only one flagellum is present. 



According to Janowski, typical Cercomonades have also been 



1 Eckercrantz, " Bidr. t. kdnned. om de i mennisk. tarmkan. fo'rek. infus." (Nord, 

 med. Ark., 1869, i., No. 20 ; Virchow-Hirsch's Jahresber., 1869, i., p. 202). 



' Tham, P. V. S., " Tvanne fall of Cercom." (Upsala Idkarefor. fb'rhdlg., 1870, v., 

 p. 691 ; Virchow-Hirsch's Jahresb., 1870, i., p. 314). 



3 Lambl, " Cercomonas et Echinococcus in hepate hominis " (Medic. Wjestnik., 

 1875, No. 33). 



4 Second edition, vol. i., p. 308. 



