90 THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



(22) GRASSI, B. Several Notes In the Rendic. R. Ace. Lincei. Roma, Ser. 5, vols, 



vii. and viii., 1898. 



Le recente scoperte sulla malaria esposte in forma popolare. Milano, 1899. 



Studi di un zoologo sulla malaria (Atti R. Ace. Lincei. Mem. Cl. sc. fis. Ser. 5, 

 vol. iii., Ann. ccxcvi., 1900) ; in 2nd edition, Rome, 1901 ; translated 

 into German and entitled Die Malaria, Stud, eines Zool. ist edition, 

 Jena, 1900; 2nd edition, Jena, 1901. 



BASTIANELLI, BIGNAMI, CELLI, DIONTSI and others either participated in 

 Grassi's labours or worked independently ; the works of these authors 

 appeared partly in the Rendic. R. Ace. Lincei, Roma, partly in the " Atti 

 soc. per gli. stud, della malaria," and partly independently. 



(23) KOSSEL, H. Ueber ein. malariaahnl. Blutparas. bei Affen (Zeitschr. f. Hyg. 



u. Inf., 1899, xxxii., p. 25). 



(24) DIONISI, A. La Malaria di alcune specie di pipistrelli (Ann. d'igiene sperim, 



N. S., ix., 1899). 



(25) HINTZE, R. Lebensweise u. Entw. d. Lankesterella minima (Zool. Jahrb. An., 



1902, part xv., p. 693 ; also during the In.-Diss, Berlin, 1901. 



THE H^MOSPORIDIA OF MAN. 



The disease induced in man by Haemosporidia (MALARIA, INTER- 

 MITTENT FEVER, AGUE OR CHILL-FEVER) is, apart from waterless 

 deserts and the polar regions, distributed over the entire surface 

 of the globe, but not equally, and it appears in various forms. 

 The rhythmical course of the fever is characteristic ; it sets in 

 suddenly with a sensation of cold or with a rigor, in a few hours 

 the temperature rises to 40 or 41 C., and remains at this for 

 some hours, during which time the patient himself feels the increased 

 bodily temperature (dry tongue, heat, headache) ; then the tem- 

 perature falls rapidly, often to below normal, accompanied by 

 profuse perspiration. There is, moreover, sensitiveness to pressure 

 in the region of the spleen, and the spleen itself is enlarged. 

 After the attack, the patient feels somewhat languid, but other- 

 wise he is quite well until another attack supervenes. The attacks 

 may recur daily (febris quotidiana), or one day may be free (febris 

 tertiana), or two days may elapse between the attacks (febris quar- 

 tana) ; thus the fever appears only on the third, fifth and seventh 

 day, or the fourth, seventh, tenth day, and so on, respectively. 

 Two types of tertian fever are clinically differentiated : the mild 

 " spring tertian fever " that appears in the spring, and the 

 severe " sestivo-autumnal fever," which is identical with " tropical 

 malaria." This fever is also termed the malignant or pernicious 

 form, because its paroxysms being protracted approach each other 

 more, and thus give rise to a continuous or subcontinuous fever. 

 Not infrequently combinations occur ; we thus hear of febris ter- 

 tiana duplex, when the attacks certainly occur daily, but are dis- 

 tinguished from one another either by the different time at which 

 they commence, or by different duration, different degree of the 



