THE SPOROGONY OF THE MALARIAL PLASMODIA 101 



tion of Anopheles is effected exclusively by the mosquito sucking 

 the blood of persons suffering from malaria. All hypotheses as 

 to any other mode of infection do not hold good. 



LITERATURE. 



(1) MARSHALL, R. J. The Malaria Parasite (The Lancet, 1896, ii., p. 1187). 



(2) MANSON, P. A Method of Staining the Malaria Flagellated Organism (Brit. 



Med. Journ., 1897, ii., p. 68). 



(3) MANNABERG, J. Die Malariaparasiten. Wien, 1893. 



(4) SACHAROFF, N. Rech. sur les hematoz. des oiseaux (Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 1893, 



vii., p. 801). 



Ueber die selbstand. Beweg. d. Chromos. bei Malariaparas. (C. f. B. u. P., 

 1895 [i], xviii., p. 374). 



(5) MACCALLUM, W. G. On the Haematozoan Infect, of Birds (Journ. Exp. Med., 



Baltimore, 1898, iii., p. 117; and C. f. B., P. u. I., 1897 [i], xxii., P- 44O). 



(6) OPIE, E. L. On the Hsemocytozoa of Birds (Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp., 1897, 



viii., No. 72, p. 52). 



(7) BIGNAMI AND BASTiANELLi. Sulla strutt. d. paras, malar, e in spec, dei gameti 



die par. estivoautumnali (Atti soc. stud, della malaria, 1899, i.). 



(8) BIGNAMI AND BASTIANELLI. Sulla sviluppo d. paras, d. terzana nell' Anoph. 



claviger (ibid.}. 

 (()) KOCH, R. Ueb. d. Entwickelung d. Malariaparas. (Z. f. Hyg. u. Inf.-Krankh- 



1899, xxxii., p. i). 

 (10) SCHAUDINN, F. Ueb. d. Generationswechsel d. Coccid. u. d. neuere Malaria, 



forsch. (Sitzungsber. Ges. nat. Frde., Berlin, 1899, p. 159). 

 (i i) RUGE, R. Unters. iib. d. deutsche Proteosoma (C. f. B., P. u. L, 1901 [i], 



xxix., p. 187). 



PROPHYLAXIS. 



Although our experience is but recent, the conclusions arrived 

 at in regard to the prophylaxis of malaria have already led to 

 brilliant results. Efforts are directed, first of all, to induce, if 

 possible, all persons harbouring malaria parasites to undergo treat- 

 ment, and thus bring about recovery, in order to simultaneously 

 diminish the number of mosquitoes that contract infection from 

 human beings and thus to minimise the danger of transmission to 

 other people. Secondly, the measures are directed against the 

 mosquitoes themselves, either by trying to destroy their breeding 

 places and thus kill off the larvae wholesale, of by protecting 

 persons from the bite of mosquitoes. The protective measures 

 must be modified in accordance with the local conditions and other 

 circumstances, but the goal is most rapidly attained in malarial 

 districts by preventing the bites of mosquitoes. Mosquito nets, 

 which have been so long in use, are not sufficient for this purpose ; 

 more effective methods must be found to prevent mosquitoes 



