106 THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



LABBE, A. Rech. zool. et. biol. sur les par. endoglob. du sang d. vertebr. (Arch. zool. 

 exp. et gen., 1894 [3], ii., p. 55). 



Sporozoain: Das Thierreich. Books. 1899. 



OPIE, E. L. Haemacytozoa of Birds (Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp., 1897, vm -> No - 7 2 )- 

 Ross, R. Cultiv. of Proteosoma in Grey Mosq. Calcutta, 1898. 

 HAGENMULLER, P. . Hernosp. d'un ophid. du syst. europ. (Arch. zool. exp. et gen. 



1898 [3], vi., Note No. 4, p. li). 

 BILLET, A. Laverania bungari (C. R. soc. biol., 1895, xlvii., p. 30). 



Hemat. endogl. d. Platydact. (ib., 1900, No. 21, p. 547). 



Hem. endogl. des Trionyx (ib., 1901, No. 10, p. 257). 

 LAVERAN, A. Hemat. endoglob. chez Padda oryzivora (C. R. soc. biol., 1898, v., p. 



Hemogreg. stepanowi (ib., pp. 885, 919). 

 Drepanid. ranar. (ib., p. 977). 

 Laverania danilewskyi (ib., 1899, [n] i., p. 603). 

 LANGMANN, G. On haemosp. in Americ. Rept. and Batrach (New York Med. Journ., 



1899). 

 SIMOND, P. L. Contrib. a 1'etude d. hemat. endogl. d. reptiles (Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 



1901, p. 319). 



LUTZ, A. Drepanidien d. Schlangen (C. f. B., P. u. L, 1901, xxix., p. 390). 

 BORNER, C. Unters. lib. Haemospor. I. (Z. f. wiss. Zool., 1901, Ixix., p. 398). 

 RUGE, R. Unters. iib. d. deutsche Proteosoma (C. f. B., P. u. L, 1901 [i], xxix., p. 187). 

 GALLI-VALERIO, B. Unters. iib. d. Haemosp. d. Alpenvogel (C. f. B., P. u. L, 1902, 



[i], xxxi., Orig., p. 162). 



SAMBON, L. W., and Low, G. C. Report on Two Experiments on the Mosquito- 

 Malaria Theory . Appendix A. Haemocytozoa of Animals (Medico Chirur- 

 gical Transactions, London, 1902). 



Order 4. Myxosporidia, Biitschli. 



These parasites, which were discovered by Joh. Miiller (i), live principally 

 in fishes, and occasionally cause destructive epidemics amongst their hosts. 

 Miiller first observed them in the form of whitish-yellow pustules on the 

 skin or on the gills of various fishes ; these pustules contained masses of 

 small shell-covered bodies with or without tails (Psorospermia, see fig. 47). 

 Similar bodies were also found in the air bladder of the Torsk (2). 

 Creplin (3) simultaneously demonstrated the resemblance of the cysts 

 harbouring the Psorospermia (Psorosperm tubes) to the " pseudonavicell- 

 cysts "of a gregarine, as described by v. Siebold, and Dujardin (4) 

 considers that there is possibly some connection between the sarcode-like 

 psorosperm tubes and the spores they contain (psorosperms), with the 

 developmental stages of monocystide gregarines from the vesicula seminalis 

 of earth-worms. The relationship of the psorosperm tubes was placed on 

 a firmer basis by Ley dig (5) and Lieberkiihn (6). The former found 

 numerous forms in salt water fish and, in species which live free in the 

 gall bladder of cartilaginous fishes, he discovered that the psorospermia 

 originate in a manner similar to the gregarines ; while Lieberkiihn studied 

 the myxosporidia in the bladder of the pike (fig. 49), and observed their 

 amoeboid movements, as well as the formation of the psorospermia, from 

 each of which a small amoeboid body escaped (fig. 53), a discovery that 

 was confirmed by Balbiani (7). The same author also found that spiral 

 filaments were enclosed in the so-called polar body of the psorosperms, 

 and that these could be protruded (fig. 56, d, and fig. 59). 



The term which at the present day is universally applied to the 

 psorosperm tubes (myxosporidia) was introduced by Biitschli (8), who studied 

 not only the structure and development of the spores, but also the 

 protoplasmatic body of the parasites in question, and confirmed the 



