PARAGONIMUS VVESTERMANI 



161 



measures 8--io mm. in length, 4 6 mm. in breadth and diameter. 

 The suckers are of equal size (0*75 mm.), the oral sucker is sub- 

 terminal ; the ventral sucker is placed somewhat in front of the 

 middle of the body. The pharynx is small and close behind the 

 oral sucker ; the oesophagus is very short, and the intestinal caeca 

 present slight sinuosities. The cuticle is provided with scale-like 

 spines ; the excretory pore opens at the posterior end rather on the 

 ventral surface, the elongated excretory bladder gathers in branches 

 from all sides. The genital pore is placed near the posterior margin 

 of the ventral sucker and a little laterally; next to it on one side 

 is the prominence of the uterus, and on the other side 'the ramified 

 ovary; the two ramified testes lie side by side in the posterior 

 end. The ^vitellaria are at the sides, 

 almost reaching the median line on the 

 dorsal surface, but only reaching the in- 

 testinal branches on the ventral surface. 

 The eggs are oval, brownish-yellow, fairly 

 thin-shelled, and measure 0-0875 0-1025, 

 mm. in length by 0*0525 0-075 mm. in 

 breadth (average 0-0935:0-0570 mm.) 



i 



FIG. 92. Paragonimus westermani (Kerb.) (natu- 

 ral size). To the left, dorsal aspect ; to the right, 

 ventral aspect. (After Katsurada.) 



Paragonimus westermani was discovered by FIG. Q^.Parazonimus wcs- 

 Kerbert in a royal tiger that died in Amsterdam ; termani (Kerb.). Seen from the 



the parasites were found mostly in pairs en- T^f 1 SU x rfaC T?V I u /1 ' 1 (After 



. , . Leuckart.) Mouth, pharynx, 



closed in superficial cysts of the lungs. Soon intestinal branches; at the 



after, Balz observed the eggs of this species in sides of which the vitelline sacs 



the sputum of some Japanese who were suffer- are observed - The genital pore 

 , is behind the ventral sucker, 



ing from haemoptysis, that was of endemic and next to it, at the left, the 

 occurrence in a certain district of Japan. The ovary ; at the right, the uterus ; 

 observer, nevertheless, mistook them for the the two testes at the hack : 

 spores of gregarines (Gregarina pulmonalis s. 

 fused). The worm arising from these ova was 

 first observed in man by Ringer (in the bronchi of a native of Formosa, who 

 was likewise suffering from parasitic haemoptysis). The specimens sent to 

 Manson and Cobbold have been described as Distoma ringeri ; whereas 

 Balz, after finding the species himself, gave it the name of Dist. pulmonale. 

 Subsequently the parasite has often been observed in China, Korea, and 

 especially in Japan, where, according to Katsurada, there are no districts 

 that are entirely free from hepatic flukes.' The mountainous provinces of 

 II 



the excretory vessel in the 

 middle. 



