OPISTHORCHIS SINENSIS 



169 



X.s. 



- T. 



in the pancreas ; occasionally also the parasites were found 

 in the intestine, particularly in the duodenum. 



The parasites in the liver produce alterations in the bile ducts 

 and in the substance of the liver itself ; in the 

 former case the changes consist in local dilata- 

 tions ; occasionally also in sacculations, with pro- 

 liferation of the connective tissue of the wall and 

 epithelium ; in the liver itself interstitial hepa- 

 titis of varying 

 intensity develops, 

 accompanied by 

 atrophy or fatty de- 

 generation of the HUUiS!^ 

 hepatic cells ; -the 

 peritoneal* covering v.s. 

 and the capsule of 

 the liver are also 

 affected, and in ad- 

 dition the mechan- 

 ical functions are 

 interfered with by 

 the engorgement of 

 the bile ducts. Af- 

 ter enlargement of 

 the liver has sub- 

 sisted for some time 

 the organ com- 

 mences to shrink. 

 In extensive infec- 

 tion the death of 

 the patient is un- 

 avoidable (about 14 per cent, of the sufferers). 



Hitherto, notwithstanding all investigations, the mode of infec- 

 tion has not been discovered ; of the development we only know 

 the miracidium stage. The eggs, when deposited, already contain 

 a miracidium ; it is ciliated on all sides, but does not leave the 

 shell spontaneously. 1 



1 McCoimeJ], J. F. P., " Rem. on the Anat. and Path. Rel. of a New Species of 

 Liver-Fluke" (The Lancet, 1875, ii., p. 271 ; and 1878, i., p. 406); Cobbold, T. Sp., 

 "The New Human Fluke" (ibid., 1875, ii., p. 423); McGregor, "A New Form of 

 Paralytic Disease associated with the Presence] of a New Species of Liver Parasite" 

 (ibid., 1877, i., p. 775); Baelz, E., " Ueber einige neite Paras, d. Mensch." (Berl. klin. 

 Wochschr., 1883, p. 235); Ijima, J., " Dist. endemicum" (Journ. Coll. Sc. Imp. Univ., 

 Japan, 1886, i., p. 47); Moty, "Lesions anat. prod, par le D. sinense " (C. R. soc. 

 biol., Paris, 1893, p. 224); Katsurada, F.. " Beitr. z. Kenntn. d. Dist. spathul." (Beitr. 

 z. path. Anat. u. z. all". Pathol." [E. Ziegler], 1900, xxviii., p. 479). 



Ex.bl. '- 



FIG. 101. Opisthorchis sinen- 

 sis, Cobb. ; contracted. About 

 6/1. (After Katsurada.) V.s., 

 vitelline sacs ; Ex.bl., excretory 

 bladder ; G.p., genital pore ; T., 

 testes ; R.s., receptaculum sem- 

 inis, in front of which is the 

 ovary. 



FIG. 100. Opts- 

 thorch is s i n e n s i s , 

 Cobb., seen from the 

 ventral surface ; ex 

 tended. 



(After Leuckart.) 



