SCHISTOSOMUM H.EMATOB1UM 



179 



V.s. 



Schistosomum hcematobiwm lives in man in the portal vein and 

 its branches, and thence is distributed to the remaining veins of 

 the abdomen, particularly those of the pelvis or the bladder, and 

 of the rectum. The worm is known in Lower 

 Egypt and Cape Colony, and has likewise 

 been. found in Upper Egypt, Abyssinia, Su- 

 dan, Mozambique, Natal (possibly it is present 

 on the entire East Coast) ; it also appears to 

 be found in the interior of Africa ; in any 

 case it has been found on the Gold Coast, 

 in Tunis, and in Algeria ; beyond Africa 

 it only occurs in imported cases, but there 

 appears to be a centre of infection in Arabia 

 (Mecca). It is particularly frequent in the 

 natives of Lower Egypt, where boys and 

 youths are especially attacked. 



[It has also been observed in Angola in 

 the Congo State, in the Sahara region, 

 on the White Nile, near the Lake Albert 

 Nyanza and in the basin of the Zambesi. 

 It has also occurred in Mauritius, Syria, 

 Bombay, Penang, Shanghai, and N. America. 

 -F. V. T.] 



The consequences of the infection are manifested 

 by catarrh of the bladder, with pains in the bladder 

 and in the lumbar region. At first the urine is 

 still clear, later on blood or purulent sanguineous 

 flakes appear at the end of micturition, at the 



commencement intermittently, but later daily. mum hamatobium, Bilh. 

 T,, ,. ,, ,. ,. .,, Genitalia of the female 



The disease may thus continue for some time with- ( magn ified). V.s., ventral 



out essentially altering the general condition, and sucker ; /., intestinal 

 may finally terminate in recovery. If a renewed branches ; V.d., vitelline 



ducts ; V.sc., vitelline 



FIG. IT 2. Schistoso- 



or more, severe infection sets in, the catarrh be- 



sacs ; O. t ovarium ; Oe., 



comes more intense, the urine contains larger oesophagus ; Sh., shell 

 quantities of blood and pus, and calculi are also glands ; U., uterus, 

 formed. The causes that have induced these 



symptoms also attack the ureters, the pelvis of the kidney, the kidneys, andjthe 

 rectum ; the nutrition suffers considerably, and death may set in from uraemia ,. 

 pyaemia, an intercurrent pneumonic process, or general marasmus. On section, 

 the wall of the bladder is found to be much thickened, the internal surface more 

 or less extensively covered with proliferations resembling cock's combs or villi ; 

 very often the epithelium is missing, and ulcerations also have appeared. 

 Corresponding changes are also found in the other organs, the kidneys are 

 affected with intense interstitial nephritis. All these symptoms are caused 

 by the eggs of the Schistosoma, deposited by the female, which has pene- 



